The Heart of Everything That Is
Page 44
Red Cloud and, 209, 218, 235, 238, 245
Red Cloud’s War and, 7, 311, 320, 323, 327, 336, 338, 364
Story and, 295–96
treaties and, 227, 245, 272, 356
Bridger, James Felix “Old Gabe,” 83, 97–101, 107, 119, 152–55, 199, 219, 236–37, 263–64, 277, 285, 292
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 268–69
beaver and, 94, 97–98, 100
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 240–41, 248, 254–56, 258
Connor’s relationship with, 217–18, 256
expeditions of, 97–98
Fort C. F. Smith and, 279, 284
Red Cloud’s War and, 318, 344, 346
skills and fame of, 180–81
treaties and, 19, 26–27, 98, 153, 246
Bridge Station, fight at, 169–70, 197, 200–206, 208–11, 213–14, 321, 347
Brown, Dee, 372
Brown, Frederick, 230–31, 257, 281, 291, 305–7, 372–73
and Indian raiding and war parties, 282, 283n, 286–87, 305, 320
Red Cloud’s War and, 313, 319–21, 326, 333, 338, 345–46, 372
buffalo, 20, 22, 78, 154–55, 162, 164, 192, 196–98, 200, 209–11, 216, 231, 241, 265, 281, 289–90, 319, 321, 335, 341–42, 348–49, 356
Arikara and, 42–44, 116
blankets made from, 46–47
Bozeman Trail and, 5–6, 236
Bridger and, 180–81
butchering of, 46, 53, 131
demise of, 29, 103, 112, 139, 152, 182–84, 226, 235, 359–60, 363
Fort William and, 70–71
horseback hunting of, 68–69
origin of word, 2n
Sioux and, 24, 36, 38, 40–42, 45–47, 50–51, 57, 59, 66–71, 80, 85, 94, 103, 112, 123, 132, 135–36, 141, 149, 155, 174–75, 182–83, 233, 274, 304, 309
treaties and, 29–30, 32, 93, 226, 243–45
Bull Bear, Chief of the Sioux, 65, 80, 85, 109
death of, 89, 105, 112–13, 121
selected Sioux leader, 87–88
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 352–53, 357
Campbell, Robert, 70, 99–100, 102–3, 105
Camp Connor, 218–19, 228
Camp Sanborn, 185–86
Carrington, Frances Grummond, 287–89, 352, 364, 373
Red Cloud’s War and, 315–16, 337, 339–40, 344, 346
Carrington, Henry Beebee, 228–32, 277, 288, 303, 335n, 360
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 263–64, 269
Bozeman Trail and, 228, 238, 242, 245, 250, 253, 258–59, 272
Civil War and, 7–8, 14, 177, 223–24, 231–32
and command turmoil at Reno Station, 292–93
comparisons between Fetterman and, 14, 177, 223–25
Cooke and, 232, 243, 262, 272, 280–81, 292–93, 306–8, 321, 340–41, 352
deserters and, 256, 292
Fetterman’s relationship with, 177, 306–8
Fort C. F. Smith and, 279–80, 289
Fort McPherson and, 352–53
Fort Phil Kearny and, 257, 259, 261–62, 270, 272, 279–82, 291, 298–99, 327, 363
Glover and, 264, 271–72
Indian policy and, 283–84
and Indian raiding and war parties, 251, 259, 263, 282, 286, 305, 308, 321, 327, 331
mission of, 228–30, 232
Overland Circus of, 240–59
Red Cloud’s War and, 7–15, 306–7, 311–15, 317–21, 323–28, 331–32, 337–44, 346, 348–49, 352, 354, 364, 372
Sherman and, 10, 239, 283
staff officers of, 230–32, 262, 293, 306, 319, 372–73
Story and, 296–97
treaties and, 223, 242–47, 264, 272, 341
Carrington, Margaret, 177, 225, 230–32, 238, 352, 364, 373
Fetterman and, 304, 372
husband’s Overland Circus and, 243–46, 253–55
and life at Fort Phil Kearny, 277–78, 299
Red Cloud’s War and, 337, 339–40, 343, 372
Carson, Kit, 1, 20, 83, 97, 99, 103
Catlin, George, 103, 123
Cheyenne, 8, 40, 78, 81, 103, 122, 128, 152, 157, 180n, 218, 234, 273, 280, 284, 288, 309, 347, 350, 358, 360–61
alliance between Sioux and, 56–60, 129, 205, 215
and attacks on Cole’s force, 215–16
Black Hills and, 55–56
Bozeman Trail and, 236–38
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 242, 257–59
casualties of, 147, 185, 188–89, 193, 196, 204, 216
concept of warfare of, 211–12
Crazy Dog Society and Dog Soldiers of, 31, 146–47, 170, 185, 192, 197–98, 202, 204–5, 216, 321
escape from Army of, 192–93, 197–98
and fight at Bridge Station, 169, 202–5, 209, 211
limiting land of, 184–85
myths and religious beliefs of, 142, 322
Northern, 3, 196, 197n, 284–85, 289–90, 335n, 361
and raiding and war parties, 144, 146–47, 170, 185–87, 190–91, 197–98, 289, 295, 331, 354
Red Cloud’s War and, 3, 15, 317–18, 321, 324, 329, 331–32, 335n, 354
Sand Creek massacre and, 188–90, 193, 196
Southern, 55, 105, 185, 196, 217
treaties and, 19, 22, 26–27, 31, 185, 356, 360
violence and brutality of, 185–86, 197, 265
weapons of, 31, 147, 181, 188, 203–5, 332
Chippewa, 37–38, 40
Chivington, John Milton, 185–91, 212, 226
Christianity, 31, 54, 66, 126, 132
Civil War, 1–2, 4–14, 43n, 124, 146, 155–58, 163, 170–79, 180n, 184–85, 187, 223–25, 230–32, 236–37, 239, 264–65, 314–15, 319, 328, 338, 357, 360
Army and, 155–56, 171–72, 176–79, 206–7, 223–24, 231, 287, 298
Carrington and, 7–8, 14, 177, 223–24, 231–32
end of, 206, 208, 224–25, 295
Fetterman and, 9, 14, 176–78, 223–24, 231, 305, 373
Indian uprisings and, 157–58, 161
Clark, William, 42, 59, 61, 97, 132, 238
Cole, Nelson, 209, 212, 214–18
Collins, Caspar, 169–70, 180–81
Bridge Station and, 200–206, 210
Colt, Samuel, 144–46, 239n
Comanche, 49, 54, 60, 135, 146, 170–71, 206, 265
Congress, U.S., 130, 159, 172, 187, 189, 238
Indian policy and, 225–26
Red Cloud’s War and, 14, 352
treaties and, 23, 93, 220
Connor, Patrick, 249
and Battle of Tongue River, 209–10, 218–19
Bridger’s relationship with, 217–18, 256
campaign of, 192, 194, 198–99, 201–2, 205–8, 212, 219, 227, 238, 256, 290
Conquering Bear, Chief of the Sioux, 120–21, 125–30, 136, 143
Cooke, Philip St. George:
Army appointment of, 228–30
Carrington and, 232, 243, 262, 272, 280–81, 292–93, 306–8, 321, 340–41, 352
Red Cloud’s War and, 311, 321, 340–41, 350, 352
Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 52–53
counting coup, 74, 94, 110, 163–64, 173, 215
Crazy Horse, 123, 128, 136, 138, 143–48, 150, 173–75, 196, 201–2, 234, 299, 357, 369–72
Bear Butte Council and, 144, 146–48
dare rides of, 173, 215
death of, 361–62
and raiding and war parties, 147, 173–74, 191, 198, 291, 303, 308
Red Cloud’s relationship with, 24, 143, 291, 309, 347, 362
Red Cloud’s War and, 314, 317, 322, 328–30, 334, 346–47, 371–72
Crazy Horse and Custer (Ambrose), 146n
Crazy Woman Fork, Battle of, 263–69, 284, 291
Cree, 38, 40
Crows, 8, 25, 55, 60, 71, 102, 149, 195, 211, 279–80, 290, 292, 295, 297, 348, 353, 360–61
on Indian force’s proximity to Fort Phil Kearny, 284–85
Red Cloud’s War and, 306, 335n
Sioux and, 50, 56–5
9, 75–77, 79–80, 82, 86–87, 113–14, 119, 125, 143, 150, 155, 163, 173–75, 195, 215, 233, 280, 361
treaties and, 19, 22, 28, 32
Custer, George Armstrong, 144, 361–62
Dandy, George B., 352, 355–56
Daniels, Napoleon, 264–66, 268–69
Denig, Edwin, 123, 139–40
Deon, Peter Abraham “Sam,” 50, 71, 162–66, 370
De Smet, Pierre-Jean, 31, 100, 104
Dodge, Grenville, 198, 201, 207
and Indians’ escape from Army, 192–93, 199
troop and supplies requests of, 219–20
Doolittle, James, 226
Dull Knife, Chief of the Cherokee, 196, 210–11, 354
Elliott, Frank, 5
emigrants, emigration, 20–22, 70, 82–83, 100, 104–6, 112, 119–20, 134, 139, 143, 151, 175, 182, 200, 211, 249, 254–55, 280, 291, 296
Bozeman Trail and, 237, 250
Grattan affair and, 128, 130
and Indian raiding and war parties, 22, 25, 106, 170, 185–86, 192–93, 268, 283, 303, 305, 308–9
Miniconjou problem and, 122–23
Oregon Trail and, 20–21, 275, 303
Sioux and, 57, 67
treaties and, 29, 34, 226, 356
Fetterman, William Judd, 230–31, 273, 304–8
bravura statements of, 372–73
Carrington’s relationship with, 177, 306–8
Civil War and, 9, 14, 176–78, 223–24, 231, 305, 373
comparisons between Carrington and, 14, 177, 223–25
death of, 333, 340, 346, 363–64, 373
Red Cloud’s War and, 2–3, 9, 11–15, 311–13, 315–17, 319–21, 324–33, 336–38, 340, 345–46, 352, 363–64, 369, 371–73
Fetterman Massacre, 321–53, 325, 369, 371–73
aftermath of, 336–46, 353
casualties in, 330–35, 337–41, 344–46, 350, 352, 363–64, 373
Indians’ celebration of, 346–48
press on, 352–53
Fisher, Isaac, 326, 330, 332, 340, 345
Fitzpatrick, Thomas “Broken Hand,” 99, 104, 107, 124, 126, 186
treaties and, 22–23, 25, 27–29, 32
Fleming, Hugh, 123, 125–26, 179
Grattan affair and, 128–29
Fort C. F. Smith, 7, 281, 284, 292, 307, 356, 358
construction of, 289, 320
locating site for, 279–80
Red Cloud’s War and, 348, 351, 353–55
Fort John, 24, 103–5, 129
Fort Kearney, 10, 21, 138, 191, 198, 239, 326
Carrington and, 230–32, 238, 240–42, 248
Fort Laramie, 11, 19–32, 88–89, 98, 105–7, 119–20, 134–36, 138–39, 153–58, 163–64, 175, 180–81, 218, 225, 230, 233–34, 236, 262, 271–73, 275, 283, 295, 307, 319, 353, 375
annuity distributions at, 122, 124–25
Bridge Station and, 197, 200–202, 204–5
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 241–44, 247–49, 257–58
closing trading post at, 357–59
and hunt for Red Cloud, 207–8, 219
and Indian raiding and war parties, 129–30, 191–92, 198, 291
and Indians’ escape from Army, 191–93, 197–99
Indian’s vengefulness and, 123–24, 128–29
Miniconjou problem and, 122–23
Red Cloud’s War and, 320–21, 340–41, 348–50
shooting Mormon-owned cow and, 126–27
treaties and, 19–20, 22–32, 223, 234, 242–47, 264, 347, 356–57
Fort Leavenworth, 136, 184, 225, 230, 239, 295
Fort Phil Kearny, 2, 10n, 14–15, 276, 358
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 263, 268–69
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 254, 257
celebration at, 298–99, 303
civilian employees at, 281–82, 339
construction of, 257, 259, 261–63, 270–72, 327, 363
deserters and, 256–57
Fetterman’s arrival at, 304–7
Glover’s death and, 288–89
and Indian raiding and war parties, 259–61, 281–89, 291, 303–5, 308–9, 321, 331
life at, 275–78, 299
medical supplies of, 291–92
morale at, 308–9
Red Cloud’s War and, 7, 9, 14, 312–13, 315, 318, 320–22, 324–27, 331–32, 334, 337–41, 343–48, 351–55, 363–64, 372
shrinking garrison at, 279–81, 293
Story and, 296–97
Ten Eyck’s journal and, 273–74
treaties and, 355–56
women at, 272, 275–78, 282, 289, 315–16, 337, 339–40, 343–44, 346
Fort Rankin, 190–91, 195, 202
Fort Reno, 228, 247–52
see also Reno Station
Fort Rice, 213–14
Fort William, 70–71, 103, 105
French, France, 45, 97–98, 124, 136, 200, 248
Sioux and, 35, 37–39, 40n, 41, 51, 59
Gazzous, Louis “French Pete,” 248, 257–59, 261
Glory Road, see Oregon Trail
Glover, Ridgway, 263–64, 266, 271–72, 288–89
gold, 21, 104–6, 151–52, 170, 172, 184–85, 231, 295
Army deserters and, 256, 284, 292
in Black Hills, 49, 360
Bozeman Trail and, 5, 182, 207, 237
in Montana, 5, 49, 207, 218, 236–37, 252, 256, 281, 292, 294, 359
Gore, Sir St. George, 154
Grant, Ulysses S., 5, 186, 360
Cooke’s appointment and, 228–30
and hunt for Red Cloud, 206–7
Indian policy and, 227–30
Red Cloud’s political missions and, 50, 358
Red Cloud’s War and, 10, 14, 340–41, 350, 352–53
Grattan, John, 124–31, 134, 136–37, 179
death of, 127–30, 198
Indian vengeance and, 124, 127–29
Great Britain, 20, 38, 40–41, 44, 51, 94, 97, 104, 157
Great Northwest Conspiracy, 224
Gros Ventres, 57, 70, 77, 284, 353
Sioux war with, 115–16, 118
Grummond, George Washington, 287–89
death of, 341, 344–46, 352, 364
Fetterman and, 305, 307
personal life of, 287–88, 364
Red Cloud’s War and, 311–15, 317–18, 326–28, 330–32, 337–41, 344–46, 372
Guinard, Louis, 200
Guthrie, John, 345
Harney, William Selby, 135–39, 143, 151, 155–57
and Battle of Blue Water Creek, 137–38, 184, 234, 358
Hassrick, Royal Brown, 47, 108
Hawken rifles, 25, 82–83, 94, 110, 115, 290, 308
Haymond, Henry, 231, 258–62
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 251, 254, 258–59
Hebard, Grace Raymond, 7, 274
High Backbone, 317, 354
Homestead Act, 172
Horse Creek Treaty Council, 33–34, 93–94, 99, 101, 111, 113, 118–20, 126, 139, 142, 144, 153, 198, 226–27
horses, 2, 9, 19–21, 27–31, 36, 51–60, 82, 137, 140, 143, 152, 184, 187, 201, 232, 235, 238–40, 246, 253–55, 272, 288, 293, 306
Arikara and, 42–44, 55, 116–18
and attacks on Cole’s force, 214–17
battalion inspection and, 298–99
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 265–68
Bridger and, 97, 99
in buffalo hunts, 68–69
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 240, 248, 251, 258
Cole’s surprise attack and, 216–17
evolution of, 51–52
and fight at Bridge Station, 169–70, 202–5
and Indian raiding and war parties, 72–73, 76, 79–81, 85–88, 112–17, 147–48, 150–51, 173–74, 260–61, 283, 308, 331
Indians’ acquisitions of, 53–55, 57, 59–60
and Indians’ escape from Army, 192–93, 198–99
Indians’ vengefulness and, 127–28
Red Cloud and, 68, 80, 85–87, 109–10
, 132
Red Cloud’s War and, 310–15, 320, 322, 324, 326–34, 336–38, 341–45, 348–49, 354–55
Sioux and, 23–25, 42–44, 46, 51–52, 55–57, 59, 62, 64–65, 68–69, 71–74, 79n, 81, 85–86, 88, 94, 108–17, 155
of Spanish, 52–54, 60
stealing of, 28, 31, 34, 56, 73–74, 79–80, 85–86, 88, 94, 99, 112–15, 132, 139, 192, 195, 199, 215–16, 219, 245, 248, 251, 255, 258, 261–62, 274, 291–92, 305, 309, 314, 334
Story and, 296–97
Hump, Chief of the Sioux, 143, 196
Hundred-in-the-Hands, Battle of the, see Fetterman Massacre
Hurlburt, Allen, 237
Ice, 144, 146–47
Indians, 249, 254, 271, 265
alcohol consumed by, 25, 40, 83, 89, 98, 102–3, 258, 350
casualties of, 80, 86–87, 147, 185, 188–89, 192–96, 209–10, 216, 219, 282, 304, 314–15, 330, 332–34, 337n, 346, 355, 357, 361–62
Civil War and, 43, 157–58, 161, 174–75
diet of, 27, 31, 37, 46, 48, 53, 56, 93, 140, 233
diseases of, 6, 22, 40, 44, 55, 62–63, 98, 106, 119–20, 132, 139
escape from Army of, 191–99
extermination of, 4, 6, 10, 100, 139, 352, 361
fighting between and within tribes of, 8, 21–23, 25–27, 29, 31, 35–36, 42–44, 55–58, 60, 71–77, 79–89, 102, 106, 113–19, 125, 132, 143, 150–51, 155, 163, 173–75, 195–96, 205, 215, 233, 245, 280, 369
guerrilla tactics of, 3, 6–8, 14, 273, 308
horses first acquired by, 53–55, 57, 59–60
hunting of, 290, 356–57, 363
infant mortality among, 57–58
led by white man, 282–83, 320
lifestyle of, 4, 24
myths and religious beliefs of, 10, 15, 31, 50, 70, 77–78, 142, 183–84, 197, 322, 363
policy on, 225–30, 283–84
and raiding and war parties, 4, 22, 25, 34, 71–81, 83–89, 106, 112–18, 129–30, 134, 144, 146–48, 150–51, 163–65, 170, 172–74, 185–87, 190–95, 197–99, 202, 210–11, 233, 248, 250–51, 255, 259–61, 263, 268, 270, 273–75, 281–89, 291–92, 295–97, 303–5, 307–9, 313, 320–21, 324, 327, 331, 334, 338, 354
reservations and, 4, 10, 49, 158–59, 162, 226, 357, 359–63, 370
Spanish and, 52–53
treaties and, 11, 19–20, 22–34, 93–94, 98–99, 101, 126, 139, 144, 153, 184–85, 198, 220, 226–30, 242–47, 264, 272, 289–90, 310, 341, 347, 355–60, 363
vengefulness of, 123–25, 127–29, 170, 184, 189
violence and cruelty of, 2, 6n, 7–9, 11, 25–26, 40, 64, 76–77, 81, 98–99, 151, 160–61, 180–81, 185–86, 197, 263–65, 267–68, 274, 283–84, 288, 314, 333–35, 338, 345
weapons and ammunition of, 6, 26–27, 31, 36, 38–44, 46, 51, 69, 82, 89, 110–11, 117, 137, 146–47, 165, 169–70, 181, 188, 195, 203–5, 217, 243–45, 264–67, 282–84, 286, 288–90, 296, 304, 306, 309, 312–15, 329, 331–37, 343, 345, 357