The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople
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Black Sheep “Qara Qoyunlu” Turkomans, 632–33
Blanche of Castile, regent of France, 254, 259, 303–4, 332, 353–55
Blanche of Lancaster, 591
Blind Harry, 400
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 507
Boccanegra, Guglielmo, 370
Bo Dala, crown princess of Champa, 301
bodhisattva, 111
Boethius, 5–6
Bogğazkesen (“Cutter of the Strait”), 678
Bohemia, xxiv, 275, 465, 613, 615–18, 645, 646–50, 673–74
Bohemian Diet, 647
Bohemund, prince of Antioch, 13–14, 17, 135, 182
Bohemund II, prince of Antioch, 17, 35
Bohemund III, king of Antioch, 170
Bohemund VI, prince of Antioch, 351, 374
Bojador, Cape, 655–56, 658
Boleslaw, king of the Polans, 284
Boleslaw I, duke of Piast, king of Poland, 552
Bolingbroke, Henry, see Henry IV, king of England
Bologna, 85, 415, 572, 575
Bonaventure, 277
Boniface, marquis of Monferrat, 217–19
Boniface IX, pope, 612, 617
Boniface VIII, pope, 410–13
Bonsmoulins, 167
Book of Highways and Kingdoms, 99
Bordeaux, 308, 462, 578
Boril, ruler of Bulgaria, 221
Borjigid clan, Mongol, 185
Bornu, 588
Borommaracha of Suphanburi, king of Syam, 532
Borte, 195–96
Bosnia, 137–39, 141, 168, 170, 424
Bosphorus Strait, 3, 13, 221, 370, 630, 678–79
Boulogne, count of, 303
Bourbon, duke of, 579, 592, 623
Bourges, 354, 663
Bouvines, 249n, 250, 252
Braga, 367
Brahmans, 113, 120–21
Bram, Crusader attack on, 240
Brentwood, 583
Brescia, 415, 613
Breslau, 673
Bretigny, 520
Bretigny,Treaty of, 521–23
Brindisi, 135
Brion, Simon de, 389
Bristol, 205, 397
Brittany, 49, 151
Brittany, count of, 304
Brittany, duke of, 399, 594
Bruce, Robert, the Fifth, 398
Bruce, Robert, the Sixth, king of Scotland, 398–99, 434–38, 466, 497
Buda, 315
Buddha’s Tooth temple, 111, 271
Buddhism, 27, 70, 198, 383, 470, 565
Amitabha (Pure Land), 525
in Dai Viet, 299–300
in Goryeo, 74
in India, 117–19, 121
kings in, 111
Mahayana, 118n
sanghas in, 271
in Sri Lanka, 108, 110–12, 113, 270–72
Theravada, 118n
of Uijong, 72
Buddhist monasteries, 62, 111–12
sohei in, 62, 63, 119
Buddhist temples, 69, 71, 118, 197, 383
Bughra Khan, sultan of Gaur, 403, 479
Bukhara, 263
Bukka, 480
Bukka Raya, sultan of Vijayanagara, 546–47
Bulala, 587
Bulgaria, 220–21, 367–69, 424, 539, 598, 600, 676
timelines, 224, 232
Bulgars, 341
Burgundians, 624, 662–63, 665, 667
Burgundy, 521, 673
Burgundy, dukes of, 152, 521, 577, 579, 601, 621, 623, 625, 662–63, 667, 669, 673
Burji Dynasty, 628
Burkhan Khaldun, 195, 197
Byzantium, 13–16, 35, 103–6, 134–39, 141–46, 142, 168–70, 178, 179–80, 217–22, 219, 222, 375, 389, 424, 450, 506, 529, 537–42, 540, 598–602, 645, 650–52
civil war in, 422–24
Latin Empire in, 180, 217–23, 367–70, 389
ongoing decline of, 221
restoration of, 367–70, 419–25
timelines, 18, 24, 42, 48, 140, 147, 154, 165, 175, 183, 194, 201, 224, 232, 280, 286, 292, 371, 378, 393, 402, 418, 426, 432, 543, 550, 556, 603, 610, 619, 634, 644, 653, 682
Turkish overthrow of, xxiv–xxv, 14, 673, 677–81
Cadiz, 654
Cadmus, Mount, 39
Caen, 501–2
Caesarius of Heisterbach, 239
Caffa, 506
Cairo, 97, 106, 155, 273, 276–78, 335, 337, 339, 342, 347–49, 351, 376, 450–52, 456–57, 458, 548, 628, 629
Old, 456–58
cakravartin, 111
Calais, 515, 517, 521, 577–78, 593, 624, 625
Calixtus II, pope, 11
Callixtus III, antipope, 86
Camões, Luis Vaz de, 90
Campo de Montiel, Battle of, 522
Canary Islands, 654–56
Cancellieri family, 411
Cane, Facino, 645
Cantacuzenus, John, see John VI, emperor of Constantinople
Canterbury, archbishop of, 5–8, 22, 127–32, 204–5, 583
Canton, 505
Cao Tong, king of Dai Viet, 298
Cape Blanc, 658
Cape Bojador, xxiv
Capet, Hugh, 499
Capetian dynasty, in France, 20, 76, 235n, 499, 515
Carcassonne, 239, 240, 463
Caribbean Sea, 455
Carinthia, 321
Carinthia, duke of, 321
Carlisle Castle, 399
Carmagnola, Francesco, 646
Carpathian mountains, 283, 315
Carpini, Giovanni de Plano, 339–40
Carthage, 373
Casimir III “the Great,” king of Poland, 551–55
Casimir IV, king of Poland, 674, 677
Caspian Sea, 226, 263, 264, 267, 310, 313, 349, 558–60, 632
Castelnau, Pierre de, 237
Castelsarrasin, 462
caste system, 120–21
Castielfabib, 243
Castile, 43, 44, 88–89, 89, 237, 242–46, 306–7, 522–23, 570, 591–93, 627, 654, 673
timelines, 524, 530, 536, 597, 603, 661, 672, 682
Catalan Atlas, 457, 458
Catalan Company, 420–22
Catalonia, 420
Categories (Aristotle), 6n
Cathars, 236–40, 257, 259, 354, 486, 582, 647
Catherine (daughter of Charles VI), 623, 625
Caucasus range, 313
Cauchon, Pierre, bishop of Beauvais, 668
Celestine III, pope, 172
Celts, 22
Central America, 187–88, 188, 192, 491
timelines, 194, 201, 206, 496, 504
Central Asia, 310, 505n
Ceos, 420
Ceprano, 364
Ceredigion, 394
Cesena, 574
Ceuta, 655, 657–58
Chad, Lake, 94, 97, 289–90, 587–88
Chagatai (son of Genghis Khan), 267–68, 310, 339, 343
Chagatai khanate, 343, 405–6, 557–60, 630
timelines, 564, 570, 576
Chalkokondyles, 599, 678
Chalukya, 429
Eastern, 112
Western, 112, 115
Champa, 28, 29–31, 300–301, 301, 385, 533–35, 533
timelines, 33, 42, 60, 302, 309, 536, 543, 550
Champagne, count of, 36
Chan Chan, 192
Chandrabhanu, king of the Javakas, 274
Chao Phraya river, 300, 532
Chapultepec, 491
Charente river, 308
Charlemagne, 20, 85, 282
Charles I of Anjou, king of the Two Sicilies, 333, 335, 337, 364–65, 373–75, 390–91, 410
Charles II of Hungary, king of Naples, 553
Charles II “the Lame,” king of Naples, 391–92, 410, 413, 416
Charles IV (Charles of Bohemia), Holy Roman emperor, 503, 551, 553, 571–72, 611
Charles IV, king of France, 463, 464, 466, 616
Charles V, king of France, 517, 520–23, 551, 577–79
Charles VI, king of France, 579–81, 580, 592–94, 601, 612, 62
1–23, 625, 646, 662, 671
Charles VII, king of France, 662–67, 666, 669–71
Charles of Navarre, 516–17, 521
Charles of Valois, 411, 415
Charles the Simple, 308
Chartres, 52–53
Chastellain, 663
Chatillon, 152
Chauhan clan, 428
Chauhans, 123
Cheapside, 578
Che Bong Ng, Red King of Champa, 533–34
Chen Fu, 56
Cheng Ho, 638
Chengzong, emperor of the Yuan dynasty, 386
Chen Liang, 26
Chen Youliang (Emperor Dahan), 527
Chernigov, 266
Chichen Itza, 187
Chieu Hoang, queen of the Dai Viet, 298–99
Chimu people, 192
China, 28, 59, 69, 97, 119, 134, 195, 282, 291, 301, 343, 382, 505, 529, 531, 546, 565–68, 627, 630, 637–43
climate conditions in, 525
Dai Viet and, 27
Imperial Commissioner’s Office for the Control and Organization of the Coastal Areas, 26
Jin dynasty in, see Jin dynasty (Jurchen)
Ly dynasty in, 29
Mandate of Heaven in, 25, 29
Ming dynasty in, see Ming dynasty
Mongol dynasty in, 380–86, 405
Mongols conquest of, 262
plague in, 525
Song dynasty in, see Song dynasty
timelines, 530, 536, 543
Yuan dynasty in, 383–86, 384, 470, 503, 525–26, 528–29, 565–67, 630–32, 637
Chinon, 251, 664–65
Chioggia, 575
Chios, 143
Chittor, 428
Choe Chung-heon, 73–74, 310–11
Choe Chung-su, 73–74
Choe-U, 311, 342
Chola, 270, 272–73
Chola empire, 108, 112–15, 113
Chormaghan, 313
Christianity, 340, 489, 601, 630
in Africa, 287–88
Dante’s and Marsilius’s contentions about, 485–86
early, 233
Greek thinkers and, 6, 50–53, 76, 356
heresy and, 233–40
Mongols and, 340, 341, 348–49
power and, 3
as pretext for slave trade, 659–60
in Spain, xxiii
see also Greek Orthodox Church; Roman Catholic Church
Christian of Oldenburg, king of Denmark and Norway, 609
Christians:
in Jerusalem, 296
Jews and, 153
Christopher of Bavaria, king of Scandinavia, 609
Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris, 45–46
Chronica Maiora, 578, 581–82, 591, 623, 662
Chronicle of Canterbury, 521–22
Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir, 105
Chronicle of Lanercost, 398–99, 437, 463, 497–98, 501
Chronicle of Melrose, 252, 254
Chronicle of Novgorod, 266
Chronicle of Pluscarden, 434, 445
Chronicle of St. Evroult, 447
Chronicle of the Crusade (Joinville), 226
Chronicles of Lanercost, 397
Chrysanthemum Throne, 214–215, 470
Chung-hsing, 199
Chungnyeol, king of Goryeo, 382
Chupan, 450–52
Church, conflict between Aristotelian logic and, xxiv
churches, east African, 287–88
Church law, 53, 323
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 296, 333
Church of the Tithe, 315
Cicero, 489
Cilician Armenia, 15, 17, 136, 339, 340
timelines, 18, 24, 140, 147
Circassians, 628
Cistercians, 354
Citadel of Cairo, 628
civilians, 70–74, 153, 538
war and, 263, 321, 391, 501, 547, 574, 578
Clarendon, 129
Clear Mirror, 472, 473
Clement IV, pope, 364–65, 374
Clement V, pope, 413–14, 416
Clement VI, pope, 507, 510, 539, 572
Clement VII, pope, 574, 579, 612
Clifford, Rosamund, 151
Cloistered Emperors, 63–67, 63, 471–72, 569
cloth, satin, 56
Clovis, king of the Franks, 665
Cluny, 52
Cocherel, Battle of, 521
Col de Panissars, Battle of the, 392
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 380
Colhuacans, 491, 494–95
Collationes (Abelard), 51, 57
College of Cardinals, 615, 617
Cologne, 85, 235, 235n, 356, 447
Colomon, king of Hungary, 137
Colonna, Sciarra, 486
Como, 324
Compacts of Basel (Compactata), 649
Compiègne, 663, 667
Concordance of Discordant Canons, 53
Concordat of London, 8, 11
Concordat of Worms, 11
Confucianism, 56–57, 197, 299, 341, 470, 529, 565, 640
Confucius, 29, 56
Congress of Krakow, 551–53
Conrad III, king of Germany, 39–40, 82
Conrad IV, king of Germany, 295, 321, 323–24, 359–60
Conradin, 360, 364–65
Conrad of Hohenstaufen, 410
Constance (German town), 616–17
Constance (mother of Frederick II), 318
Constance (wife of Geoffrey, son of Henry II), 202
Constance of Antioch, 135, 137
Constance of Castile, 591
Constantine, emperor of Rome, 3, 254, 287, 680
Constantine, king of Georgia, 632
Constantine XI Palaeologus, emperor of Byzantium, 677–80
Constantinople, 13, 15, 16, 103, 134, 136, 141–45, 170, 178–79, 220, 221, 223, 257, 367–70, 389, 405, 507, 537–39, 542, 598–602, 650–52
Crusaders in sack of, 179–80, 181, 278
fall of, 235, 242
Latin patriarch of, 257
as Ottoman goal, 419–20, 425
Ottoman overthrow of, xxiv–xxv, 14, 600–602, 629–30, 673, 677–81
Patriarch of, 423, 651
sacred relics of, 368
Constitutions of Clarendon, 128, 130
Conway, Treaty of, 395
copper, 95
copper mines, 443
Corbeil, 303
Córdoba, 45, 244, 306, 307
Corfu, 178
Corinth, Isthmus of, 633
Cortenuova, 321
corvée labor, 526
Coucy, 663
Council of Basel, 649–50
Council of Constance, 617, 646
Council of Florence, 650
Council of Toulouse, 260, 319, 320
Courtrai, 412
Crécy-en-Ponthieu, 502
Cremona, 323
Croatia, 137–39, 141, 168n, 316
Crusaders, 40, 102, 104–6, 155, 156, 157–59, 171, 172, 217–19, 226, 237, 238, 240, 248, 275–78, 348, 374, 376, 538
Crusades, xxiv, 236, 258, 283, 296, 372, 461–63, 551, 673, 676, 677
First, 3–5, 13–17, 29, 36, 104, 134, 153, 182, 420, 650
Second, 39–41, 76, 81, 135
Third, 159, 166–74, 169
Fourth, 176–82, 240, 367
Fifth, 275–79, 276, 281–82, 293, 335
Sixth, 295–96
Seventh, 333–37, 334, 353–55, 364
Eighth, 375
Ninth, 375, 398
Albigensian, 238–40, 239, 242, 244, 258, 259–60, 273, 275, 319
Baltic, 284–85, 285
Christ vs. gain in, 82
end of, 375
against the Hafsids, 372–74
Holy Land Kingdoms of, 13–17, 15, 35, 36, 134n, 173, 180, 217–23, 257, 333, 351, 367–70, 376–77, 389, 449
Reconquista as, 43
in Spain, 244–46
Wendish, 81–82, 238
Cuacuauhpitzahuac, king of Tlatelolco, 495
Culavamsa, 270072
Cumans, 282
Curia Regis, 253, 361
Cuzco, 192–93
Cyprus, 135, 136, 171, 173, 275, 333, 335, 374
Dadu, 380–81, 526–28, 565, 640
Daftary, Farhad, 226n
Dafydd ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales, 395–97
Dai Viet, 27–30, 28, 298–301, 301, 342, 385, 533–34, 533, 535, 640–42
timelines, 33, 42, 60, 68, 75, 302, 309, 536, 543, 550, 644, 653, 661
Dai Viet su ky, 299
Dali, 341
Dalmatia, 137, 139
Dalry, 434
Damascus, 34, 40, 103, 156, 173, 333, 342, 348, 450, 628–29
Dambadeniya, 271, 273, 548
Damietta, 106, 276–78, 293, 335–36, 348, 364
Danishmends, 34
Dan-no-Ura, Strait of, 163
Dante Alighieri, 364, 389, 411, 485–86, 488, 500, 582
Danube river, 139, 168, 220, 315, 388, 419, 673, 676
Danzig, 608
Dardanelles, 217
Dartmoor, 443
Dartmouth, 579
Datong, 643
Daulatabad, 479–80, 481, 546
Dauphiné, 517n
Daura, 588, 589
David, king of Israel, 348
David, rumored Indian Christian king, 279
David I, high king of Scotland, 22, 398
David II, king of Scotland, 497–98, 501, 519
David the Builder, 264
Deccan, 405, 429, 480, 546, 627
de Cernay, Pierres des Vaux, 236, 239–40, 258
de Clare, Richard “Strongbow,” 149
Defensor Pacis, 485
Degrees of Union, 651
Deheubarth, 394
Delhi, 228–31, 229, 270, 326–30, 328, 478–82, 505, 544–49, 561–63, 627
Mongol Invasion of, 406
second sultanate of, 403–8, 427–31
timelines, 550, 556, 560
Timur and, 563, 627–28
Demetrius, 632
de Molay, Jacques, 414, 420
de Montfort, Simon, 205, 207
Denis, Saint, 250
Denmark, 81, 604–9, 607
timelines, 610, 619, 626
Descriptiones Terrarum, 284
Despenser, Hugh, earl of Winchester, 463
Despenser, Hugh the Younger, earl of Winchester, 463–65, 468
Despenser, La, 464
Devagiri, 405, 429, 479
Devon, 582
dharma, 111, 119n, 120
dialectic, of Aristotle, 5–7, 49, 53, 57
Dialogue of Miracles (Caesarius of Heisterbach), 239
Diara Kante, 100
Dibalemi, Dunama, king of Kanem, 288–90
Didymoteichon, 540
Dirgham, 104n
Divine Comedy (Dante), 389, 411
Dlugosz, Jan, 554
Dnieper river, 266
Do Anh Vu, 30
Dome of the Rock, 158–59, 296
Domesday Book, 4
Dominicans, 258, 319–20, 356, 367, 373, 436, 462, 494, 629
Domrémy, 664
Donatists, 234
Dorylaeum, 39
Dover, 254, 579, 593
Dublin, 149
Duklja, 137