The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople
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Dumbarton Castle, 434
Dum Diversas, xxv, 660
Dunama I, king of Kanem, 95–97
Dunama II, king of Kanem, 95
Dunbar, 399
Dupplin Moor, 502
Dupplin Moor, Battle of, 498
Durán, Diego, 494–95
Duwa Khan, 406–7
Dwarasamudra, 429
Dyfed, 394
Dyrrhachium, 14
dysentery, 78, 103, 153, 254, 259, 303, 435, 463, 578, 617
military campaigns and, 324, 343, 374, 392, 482, 577, 579, 623–24, 662
Eannes, Gil, xxiv, 656, 658
Eastern Trade Route, 290
écorcheurs, 669
Edessa, 137, 155
County of, 13, 15, 35–36, 36, 39
Edinburgh, 399
Edinburgh-Northampton, Treaty of, 466, 497
Edirne, 540, 675–79
Edmund (son of Henry III of England), 359–60
Edmund of Kent, 464
Edo, 98–99
Edward, king of Portugal, 655–57
Edward I, king of England, 362–63, 373–74, 391–92, 394–98, 401, 411, 433–35, 522
Edward II, king of England, 401, 435–36, 438, 445, 463–65
as first English prince of Wales, 433–34
Edward III, king of England, 465–68, 466, 467, 497–99, 501–3, 510, 516–17, 519–21, 577–78, 581, 583, 620
Edward of Woodstock, 501
Edward the Black Prince, 517–18, 520–22, 577–78, 595, 620
Egharevba, Jacob, 98n–99n
Egypt, 16, 89, 104–6, 134n, 135, 155–57, 178–80, 273, 275–78, 291, 295, 335, 336, 342, 343, 346–49, 353, 372–77, 377, 420, 449–51, 458–59, 506, 587, 628–29, 632
timelines, 107, 116, 125, 352, 358, 366, 378, 387, 454, 460, 469, 634, 644
Egyptian Crusade, 374
Eighth Crusade, 375
Eison, 383
El Cid, 44
Eleanor, countess of Toulouse, 242
Eleanor, queen of Portugal, 657
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of England, 37–40, 77–79, 150–51, 166, 168, 173, 399, 499
Eleanor of Castile, queen of England, 401, 522
Eleanor of Provence, 361
Elements (Euclid), 46
Elets, 560
Elizabeth, Holy Roman empress, 551
Emeric, king of Hungary, 177, 281
England, 9, 77, 150, 151, 202–5, 233, 257, 293, 359, 360–65, 394–401, 445, 463–68, 466, 507, 509, 591–92, 595–96, 604, 608–9, 620–21
the Anarchy in, 22, 23, 76–79, 126
archers of, 623, 624
barons of, 4–5
Charter of Liberties in, 4–5, 251–52
church and state in, 126–32, 203–4
in Crusades, 159, 166, 168, 177, 275
France’s hostilities with, 153, 159, 166–67, 173–74, 177, 202–3, 204, 238, 248–52, 275, 303–4, 305, 308, 332, 353, 355, 361, 397, 401, 461, 498–503, 515–23, 547, 577–85, 580, 592–95, 623–25, 654, 662–71, 666
Ireland invaded by, 148–49
Magna Carta in, 251–54, 251
papal interdict on, 204–5, 248
rise of feudalism in, 4
Scotland’s rebellion against, 397–401, 433–38, 497–99
taxation in, 203–4, 251–52
thanes (thegns) in, 4
timelines, 12, 18, 24, 33, 80, 87, 93, 133, 140, 147, 154, 160, 165, 175, 183, 194, 206, 210, 216, 241, 247, 256, 261, 269, 309, 317, 358, 366, 371, 378, 387, 402, 409, 439, 448, 454, 469, 477, 483, 504, 511, 530, 536, 586, 590, 597, 603, 626, 634, 644, 672, 682
warming in, 443
Wycliffe in, xxiv
English Channel, 19, 203, 233, 251, 308, 615
Enrico Dandolo, doge of Venice, 177, 217, 220
Enrique of Trastámara, king of Castile, 522–23, 591–92, 654
Ephesus, 420, 422
Epic of Sundiata, 207–9
Epirus, Despotate of, 220, 221, 223, 368
timelines, 224, 232, 371
Erediauwa I, king of Benin, 99
Erhai, Lake, 341
Eric, king of Scandinavia, 605–9, 606
Ericsson, Leif, 443
Erzhou, 343
Esen Tayisi, Oirat khan, 642
Eskenderum, 419, 420
Eskisehir, 419
Essex, 583, 584
Estates-General, 519, 521
Eucharist, 647, 649, 651
doctrine of transubstantiation, 6
Euclid, xxiii, 46
Eugene IV, pope, 646, 649–51, 660
Eugenius III, pope, 36, 40, 81, 82–83
Eulogia, 376
Euphrates river, 273, 419, 420, 450
Europe, 630
climate conditions in, 443–47, 444, 446
plague in, 506–10
timelines, 448, 454, 460
Euse, Jacques d’, 461
Eustace, 78
Evans, G. R., 6
Everest, Mount, 189n
Evesham, Battle of, 353, 363
Evora, 90–91
Évreux, count of, 516
Eweka, king of Benin, 99
Excommunicamus, 320
excommunication, 7–8, 130–31, 237, 238, 254, 359, 360, 361, 391, 618
of Frederick II, 294–96, 322–23, 410
of Louis of Bavaria, 484–85, 488
Extremadura, 90
Ezana, king of Axum, 287
Faenza, 574
Fakhr-ad-Din, general, 335–36
Falkirk, 433
Falköping, 606
famine:
in Europe, 443–47
in India, 480
Fancheng, 379
Fang Guozhen, 526, 527
Fang Xia, 638
Faraj, sultan of Egypt, 628
farmers, 582
Fatimid caliphate, 15, 16, 104–6, 134n
Feast of Saint Clement, 622
Ferdinand (son of John I of Portugal), 656–58
Ferdinand II, king of León, 91
Ferdinand III, king of León-Castile, 306–7
Fernando, king of León, 88
Ferrara, 321, 484
feudalism, 4
Fez, 372, 657
fidaiyan (Assassins), 226–28
Fieschi, Manuele de, 465
Fieschi, Sinibaldo, see Innocent IV, pope
Fifth Crusade, 275–79, 276, 281–82, 293, 335
Finkel, Caroline, xxiv–xxv
Firdausi, 121
Firoz, 230
Firoz, Bahmani sultan, 627–28
Firoz Shah Tughluq, sultan of Delhi, 482, 544–45, 548–49
First Crusade, 3–5, 13–17, 29, 36, 104, 134, 153, 182, 420, 650
First War for Scottish Independence, 401, 466, 497
Fitz Urse, Reginald, 131
Flanders, 152, 249, 412–13, 445, 462, 465, 574, 579, 581
see also Baldwin I, emperor of Constantinople
Flanders, counts of, 152–53, 249–50, 399, 411, 579
Fleet Prison, 583
Flor, Roger de, 420–21
Florence, 321, 364, 415, 416, 507, 510, 572–75, 645, 648, 651
Foggia, 360
Fomba, 459
Fontainebleau, 416
Fonti, 574
Forbidden City, 640, 643
Forth river, 433
Forth valley, 433
Forty, the, 327
Foulques, 177
Four Articles of Prague, 646–47
Fourth Chinese Domination, 640
Fourth Crusade, 176–82, 240, 367
Fourth Lateran Council, 257–58, 275
France, 6, 20, 39, 51, 173, 233, 257, 259, 275, 293, 303–4, 364, 372, 390–91, 411–14, 445, 461–63, 464, 465, 466, 488, 497, 515, 518, 541, 621–23
the Anarchy in, 23
church and state in, 401, 411
constable of, 623, 625, 669
Crusaders from, 39, 159, 166, 177, 244, 275, 332–37, 347, 353–54, 601
England’s hostilities with, 153, 159, 166
, 173–74, 177, 202–3, 204, 238, 248–52, 275, 303–4, 305, 308, 332, 353, 355, 361, 397, 401, 461, 498–503, 515–23, 547, 577–83, 580, 592–95, 623–25, 654, 662–71, 666
liberal arts in, 6
north of, 516
Pastoureaux rebellion in, 354–57, 355
Scotland and, 433, 501, 663
timelines, 269, 309, 317, 338, 345, 358, 366, 371, 378, 387, 393, 402, 418, 426, 477, 483, 504, 511, 524, 530, 536, 586, 590, 597, 603, 626, 634, 644, 672, 682
warming in, 443, 444
Francia:
in Crusades, 13
feudalism in, 4
popes in, 83
south of, 235, 240, 258
Francia, Western, 20, 36, 49, 76–78, 149–51, 150, 152, 159, 167, 174, 202–3, 221, 233, 236, 249, 252, 259, 303
timelines, 24, 33, 42, 48, 54, 60, 68, 80, 87, 93, 133, 140, 147, 154, 160, 165, 175, 183, 194, 206, 210, 216, 241, 247, 256, 261
Franciscans, 257, 277, 316, 324, 339, 354, 367, 373, 389, 392, 486, 506, 572, 615, 654
Francis of Assisi, Saint, 257, 277–78
Frankfurt, 81
Franks, Salian, 417
Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor, 250, 275–76, 278–79, 293–96, 316, 318–21, 330, 332, 356, 359, 388
excommunication of, 294–96, 322–23, 410
Italy invaded by, 321–24, 322
Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman emperor, 82–86, 84, 141, 159, 168–70
Frederick of Austria, rival king of Germany, 416, 484–85
Frederick of Hapsburg, Holy Roman emperor, 675, 677
Freitas, Lançarote de, 658
Freteval, 129–30
Froissart, Jean, 463–65, 497, 499, 501, 515, 521–23, 574, 577–79, 581–83, 593–94, 596, 620
Fujiwara clan, 61–67, 161
Fujiwara Nobuyori, 66–67
Fulbert, 49–50
Fulk V, count of Anjou, 20–21, 35, 103, 293n
Fulk the Black, 20
Galen, xxiii, 46
Galich, 266
Galileo Galilei, xxiv
Gallipoli, 420–22, 538–39
Gambia, 459
Gampola, 548
Ganges delta, 117, 225
Ganges river, 328
delta of, 403
Gao, 455
Gaoyou, 527
Garcia Ramirez (the Restorer), king of Navarre, 44, 89
Garigliano river, 364
Garnier l’Aleman, 296
Garonne river, 246
Gascony, 435, 499, 501, 517
Gaur, 119, 120, 124, 480
Gaveston, Piers, 435–36, 463–64
Gaza, 347
Gelasius I, pope, 82
Gempei War, 161–65
Genghis Khan, 195–200, 207, 262–68, 279, 310, 316, 333, 339, 380, 557–58, 560, 627, 629, 632
Genoa, 16, 83, 141, 144, 333, 369–70, 415, 420, 506, 539, 541, 571, 575, 578, 646
Geoffrey (son of Henry II), 150–51, 166, 202
Geoffrey the Handsome (Geoffrey Plantagenet), 20–21, 76, 77
George III, king of England, 578n
George IV, king of Georgia, 264
George V, king of Georgia, 450, 453, 650
George VI, king of Georgia, 650
Georgia, 264, 313, 339–40, 453, 632, 640
timelines, 269, 274, 317, 325
Gerald de Barri, 168
Gerald of Wales, 148–49, 151
Gerald the Fearless, 90–91
Gerard of Cremona, xxiii–xxiv, 46–47
Gerger, 450
Germany, 20, 81–86, 249, 250, 257, 318–21, 323–24, 359, 364, 388, 410, 416, 445, 465, 484–86, 488, 489–501, 551, 571, 574, 611–13, 618, 645–50, 674
civil war in, 416
in Crusades, 13, 39, 81–82, 159, 166, 168–70, 177, 275, 282–85, 293, 601–2
electors of, 360, 416, 484–85, 500, 503, 612–13, 675
Holy Roman empire in, 8, 11, 20, 86, 176
national identity of, 318
Slavic tribes in, 238
timelines, 87, 93, 101, 353, 418, 426, 432, 490, 496, 504, 511, 524, 576, 586, 590, 619, 626, 634, 661, 672
Gertrude of Bavaria, queen of Hungary, 282
Gervase of Canterbury, 203
Gesta Principum Polonorum, 283–84
Géza II, king of Hungary, 139
Ghana, 99–100
fall of, 207–9
Ghazan Khan, ruler of Il-khanate, 405–6, 420–21, 450
Ghazi Malik Tughluq, see Ghiyas-ud-Din, sultan of Delhi
Ghaznavid Turks, 121–23
Ghazni, 228, 229, 545
Ghibellines, 410–11, 415
Ghiyas ad-Din Ghuri, sultan of the Ghurids, 122–24, 225
Ghiyas-ud-Din, sultan of Delhi, 431, 478–79
Ghost Month, 643
ghulams, 229
Ghurids, 118n, 121–24, 225–31, 336
Giant’s Tank, 109–10, 110
Gibraltar, 515
Gibraltar, Strait of, 43, 91, 243, 655
Giles Chronicle, 671
Gillingham, John, 166
Girgam, 95–97
Gironde, 578
global warming, 443n
Gloucester, 149
Glyndwr, Owain, 620–21
goats, 445
Gobi Desert, 263, 267
Gobir, 588
Go-Daigo, emperor of Japan, 471–75, 569
Godfrey of Viterbo, 85
Gojong, king of Goryeo, 311, 342
Go-Kameyama, emperor of Japan, 569
gold, 95, 98, 174, 290, 456–57
Golden Bull, 282–83
Golden Horde, 316, 340, 343, 349, 405, 406, 450, 506, 554, 560, 561, 630
timelines, 564, 570, 576
Golden Horn, 679, 680
Goliath, 348
Golubac, 673
Gongmin, king of Goryeo, 565–67
González de Clavijo, Ruy, 627
Gopala, king of Pala empire, 117–19
Goryeo (Korea), 69–74, 69, 198, 310–13, 339, 341–42, 379, 381–85, 565–68
Council of Generals (Chungbang) in, 72–74
Goryeo (Korea) (continued)
timelines, 75, 80, 87, 317, 325, 570, 576, 586
see also Joseon
Goryeosa, 70–74, 311
Go-Sanjo, emperor of Japan, 61–63
Goseibai shikimoku, 212, 215
Go-Shirakawa, emperor of Japan, 65–67, 161, 163–64, 212–13
Gospel, 647
Go-Toba, emperor of Japan, 163–64, 213–15
Gottland, 609
Go-Uda, emperor of Japan, 471–72
Granada, 88, 89, 306, 307, 307, 515, 655
Grand Canal, 526
Gratian, 53
Gray, Reginald de, 395
Gray, Sir Thomas, 465, 467, 498, 518
Greater Poland, 284
Great Gift ceremony, Hindu, 120
Great Wall, 640
Great Zimbabwe, 291
Greece, 135, 171, 367–68, 599, 633, 678
Greece, ancient
ideas and thinkers of, xxiii–xxiv, 46–47, 354, 681
natural philosophy of, 76
Greek fire, 630
Greek Orthodox Church, 219–20, 222, 376, 389, 539, 541–42, 554–55, 650
Catholic beliefs vs., 376n, 651–52
Greenland, 443, 604
Gregoras, Nicephorus, 538
Gregory VIII, pope, 159
Gregory IX, pope, 294–96, 318–23
Gregory X (Teobaldo Visconti), 374–75
Gregory XI, pope, 572–74
Gregory XII, pope, 617
Gregory the Great, 412
Gregory the Priest, 136
Greif, Hannsen, 601–2
Grim, Edward, 131–32
Grimm, Wilhelm and Jakob, 447
Grimoard, William, see Urban V, pope
griots, 207
Guanches, 654
Guelphs, 410–11, 415
Guesclin, Bertrand de, 578
Guhila, 428
Gui, Bernard, 462
Guibert of Nogent, 153
Guienne, Duchy of, 464, 465, 467
Gujarat, 407, 428, 549, 563, 627
Gukansho, 61–63, 65–66, 162, 213
Gulbarga (Karnataka), 546, 546
Gulf of Tonkin, 27
Gunther of Pairis, 217
Guy, king of Jerusalem, 157–58, 170–71, 173
Guyuk Khan, Great Khan, 339–41
Guzman, Dominic de, 236–37, 257–58, 320
Gwalior, 228
Gwynedd, 394–95
Haakon, king of Norway, 605, 609
Hadrian’s Wall, 399
Hafsid dynasty, 372–73
Hagia Sophia, 680
Haidar, Mirza Muhammad, 558
Hailing, prince, 57–58
hajj, 95, 97, 103, 155, 290, 351, 451, 456, 480, 482
Hakata Bay, 382, 383
Hakut, Malik, 326
Halil Pasha, 676–78
Hama, 347, 348
Hanazono, emperor of Japan, 471
Han dynasty, in China, 27
Hangzhou, 55–56, 55n, 382
Han Lin’er, 526
Han Roe, 72
“Hansel and Gretel” (Grimm), 447
Hanseong, 568
Han Shantong, 526, 527
Hanyang, 568
Harahara, 480
Harald Tangle-Hair, 604
Harfleur, 623–24
Harihara Raya I, king of Vijayanagara, 545–48
Harim, 34
Harima, 471
Harlech Castle, 621
hashish, 228
Hattin, Battle of, 157
Hausa Kingdoms, 588–89, 589
hawai (rockets), 546
Hawarden, 395
Hawkwood, John, 573–74
Hedwig, king of Poland, 553–55
Heiji Disturbance, 66–67, 161–62
Heiji Era, 65n
Helena, empress of Byzantium, 599
Hellespont, 176, 538–39
Heloise, 49–50, 52
Henry, prince of Portugal, xxiv
Henry (son of John I of Portugal), 655–59
Henry I, king of Constantinople, 221–22
Henry I, king of England and duke of Normandy, 3–5, 7–8, 10, 19–22, 76, 251
Henry II (Henry Plantagenet), king of England, 76–79, 126–32, 148–53, 166–68, 174, 203, 293n, 399, 498
Henry III, king of England, 304, 307, 332, 335, 359–65, 367, 375, 394–95
Henry IV, Holy Roman emperor, 8, 176
Henry IV, king of England, 595–96, 608, 614, 620–21
Henry V, Holy Roman emperor, 8–11, 16, 19–20
Henry V, king of England, 620, 623–25, 662, 671
Henry VI, Holy Roman emperor, 170, 172–73, 176
Henry VI, king of England, 662–63, 668–71
Henry VII, king of Germany, 414–16
Henry VII (son of Frederick II), 320–21
Henry of Huntingdon, 19, 21, 22
Henry the Fat, king of Navarre, 374
Henry the Fowler, 20
Henry the Lion, 82–83, 86, 177, 410
Henry the Pious, duke of Greater Poland, 315–16