The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople
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Henry the Younger, 130, 150–53, 166
Herat, 225, 558
Hérault river, 238
Herbert of Bosham, 128, 131
Hereford, 397, 465
heresy, 233–40, 242–43, 249, 413, 488, 582, 615
church councils and, 257, 260, 649
punishment of, 319–320, 359
trials for, 617, 667–68
see also Albigensian Crusade; Inquisition; Languedoc
Hermann of Carinthia, 46
Heselrig, Sir William, 400
heterodoxy, 51–52
Hexamilion Wall, 633, 673
Hiei, Mount, 63
Himalayas, 225
Hinduism:
Angkor Wat and, 30–31
beliefs of, 119n
castes in, 120–21
in Champa, 300–301
in Chola empire, 108, 110–15
devaraja in, 29
in India, 118–20, 123–24, 225, 230–31, 270, 327, 329, 405, 407, 427–31, 478, 479, 480, 544–46
in Sri Lanka, 271
Hindu Kush mountains, 267
History of Florence (Machiavelli), 646
Ho dynasty, 640
Hogen Era, 65n
Hogen Incident, 65
Hohenstaufens, 410
Hojo clan, 473–74
Hojo Masako, 213–14
Hojo Takatoki, 472–74
Hojo Tokimasa, 212–13
Hojo Tokimune, 382–83, 470
Hojo Yoshitoki, 213–14
Holinshed, Raphael, 596, 663, 667
Holland, 249
Holy Land, 21, 37, 77, 166, 171, 176, 258, 279, 281, 294, 354, 375, 377, 462
Crusader Kingdoms in, 13–17, 156–59
Holy Roman Empire, 8–11, 9, 82–86, 83, 159, 168–70, 316, 318–24, 415, 485, 500, 645–50, 648, 652
Electoral League of, 500
Guelphs and Ghibellines in, 410–11
imperial cities in, 611–12
Innocent IV and, 359–60, 410
shrinkage of, 365
timelines, 12, 18, 24, 33, 42, 48, 54, 60, 68, 87, 93, 183, 194, 206, 210, 216, 241, 247, 256, 261, 280, 286, 292, 297, 302, 325, 338, 345, 358, 366, 371, 387, 393, 402, 418, 426, 432, 490, 496, 504, 511, 524, 576, 586, 590, 619, 626, 634, 653, 661, 672, 682
Homs, 347, 348
Honan, 505
Hongwu emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang), 527–29, 565, 567–69, 637–38
Hongxi, emperor of China, 642
Honorius III, pope, 258–59, 278–79, 282–84, 293, 294
Honorius IV, pope (Savelli, Giacomo), 391, 392
Honshu, 62
Ho (Le) Quy Ly, 534–35
Horikawa, emperor of Japan, 63
Horns of Hattin, 157
Hosokawa Yoriyuki, 566
Houkouang, 505
Hoysala, 112, 115
Hoysala Kingdom, 429, 479
Huai river, 59, 505
Huete, 91–92
Hue Tong, king of Dai Viet, 298–99
Hugues de Boves, 250
Huitzilopochtli, 491, 493, 495
Hujwiri, ‘Ali, 545
Hulagu Khan, 341–43, 347–49, 374, 405–6
Humai, 94–95
human sacrifice:
Moche, 192
Toltec, 187
Hunac Ceel, king of the Mayans, 187
Hundred Years’ War, 499–503, 500
Hungary, 137–39, 141, 144, 168, 170, 177, 281, 315–16, 354, 388, 424, 539, 553–54, 601, 633, 645, 673–77, 678
in Crusades, 177, 275
German knights in, 282
timelines, 140, 147, 183, 280, 286, 292, 297, 317, 325, 556, 564, 570, 603, 610, 619, 653, 661, 672, 682
Huniades, John, 675–77
Hus, Jan, xxiv, 613, 615–18, 646
Husain, ‘Ala’ al-Din, 122
Husayn, Amir, governor of Balkh, 557–58
Hussites, 614, 618, 646–50
Hussite Wars, 618, 675
Hu Wei-yung, 529
Ibn al-Ahmar, king of Arjona, 307
Ibn al-Athir, 61, 105–6, 155, 157–59, 170, 172, 276, 296
Ibn al-Qalanisi, 103
Ibn Amir Hajib, 456
Ibn ‘Arabshah, 561
Ibn Battuta, 95, 451–53, 456–59, 480, 506, 547–48
Ibn Hud, 306–7
Ibn Khaldun, 349, 351, 457, 459, 629
Ibn Mardanish, 88–89, 89
Ibn Munir, 36
Ibn Sa’id, 289–90
ibn Shaddad, 155, 172
Ibn Tumart, 44, 373
Ibn Wasil, 295–96, 336, 347
Iceland, 604
Idris II, Almohad caliph, 372
Ife, 98–99
Ilah Ahai, 107
Il-khanate, 343, 349, 369, 374, 376, 379, 405–6, 419–21, 450–53, 453, 558, 560, 627, 630
timelines, 426, 432, 439, 454, 460, 469
Illyricum, 137
Iltumish, sultan of Delhi, 229–30, 229, 326, 327, 329, 330
Ilyas Shahi dynasty, 480
‘Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, 34
Imam al-Shafi’i, 106
imperial cities, 611–12
Inca, 192–93
Incarnation, doctrine of, 236
India, 29, 108, 112–15, 117–24, 228–31, 279, 291, 328, 546, 627, 638
Eastern and Western Chalukya in, 112
famine in, 480
Ghaznavids in, 121–23
Mongols in, 405
new sultanates in, 481
north of, 264
numbering system of, 46
Pala empire in, 117–20, 123–24
plague in, 507
Sena empire in, 117, 119–24
south of, 270, 272, 273
timelines, 116, 125, 133, 232, 241, 274, 280, 321, 338, 409, 432, 439, 448, 483, 490, 496, 550, 556, 560
Timur and, 561–63, 627–28
see also Delhi
Indian Ocean, 230, 272
Indravarman II, king of Khmer, 300
Indravarman V, king of Champa, 385
Indus, Battle of the, 264–66
Indus river, 226, 264–66, 482, 561
Inferno, 364
Injong, king of Goryeo, 70
Innocent III, pope, 176–78, 180–82, 204–5, 220, 236–37, 240, 242–46, 248–49, 253–54, 257–58, 277, 283
Innocent IV, pope, 323–24, 330, 359–61, 408
Innocent V, pope, 340
Innocent VI, pope, 539–41
Inquisition, 260, 260, 320, 324
in Italy, 259
interdict, 8, 130, 205, 238
investiture, papal right of, 5, 7–8, 10–11
Iran (Persia), 121, 122
Irbil, 157
Ireland, 6, 150, 166, 203, 436–37, 465, 507
England’s invasion of, 148–50
timelines, 154, 160, 165
Irene, queen of Germany, 176, 178
Irish Sea, 148
Iron Crown of the Lombards, 648
Iron Gates, 675
Isaac Angelus, emperor of Byzantium, 145–46, 170, 176, 178–79, 219
Isabeau, queen of France, 621
Isabella (daughter of Charles VI), queen of England, 594–95
Isabella (daughter of Philip IV), queen of England, 401, 435, 464–68
Isabella of Angoulême, 202, 308
Isabelle, queen of France, 153, 499
Isami, 327, 329
Isar river, 83
Isfahan, 558
Isfizar, 558
Islam, 34, 277, 279, 283, 430, 451, 463, 601, 629, 638
in Africa, 588–89
in central Africa, xxiv, 94–97, 288, 290
code of hospitality of, 157–58
Crusaders vs., 170, 172–73, 449
in Georgia, 264
in Hagia Sophia, 680
in India, 124, 225–31, 327–28, 427–31, 478, 480, 545
Islamic states, 155–56
in Jerusalem, 158–59, 296, 332–33, 337, 351
in Middle East, 351
Mongols
and, 348, 349
in North Africa, 373
in old Il-khanate lands, 453
in Ottoman empire, 419
ruling custom of, 346
Shi’ite, 226–28
slavery and, 226, 588
in Spain, xxiii, 43–47, 88–92, 177, 242–46, 306–7, 372, 373, 515, 655
Sufism in, 544–45
Sunni, 226n, 228
in Syria, 102–5
Timur and, 558, 628
among Turks, 134
and the West, 681
in West Africa, 99–100, 208–9, 455, 459
Islamic law, 44
Isle of Wight, 579
Issyk-Kul, Lake, 505
Istanbul, Constantinople’s transformation into, xxv
Italy, 53, 76, 135, 141, 144, 257, 294, 295, 318, 320, 359, 364, 370, 374–75, 389, 410, 413, 414–16, 465, 485–86, 540–41, 616, 648
city-states of, 16, 83, 85
in Crusades, 13–14
Holy Roman Empire in northern, 8, 83–86, 646
liberal arts in, 6
maritime republics of, 16
northern, 83, 321, 364, 411, 484, 604, 645–46
northern, Lombard League in, 318
Papal States of, 10, 15, 82–83, 86, 360, 410, 571–73
Renaissance in, xxiii–xxiv
scholarship in, 46
southern, 360, 365, 373, 389, 391, 410
southern (Dukedom of Apulia and Calabria), 13, 15, 135, 141
timelines, 18, 24, 87, 93, 101, 147, 154, 325, 331, 418, 426, 432, 490, 496, 504, 511, 524, 576, 586, 590, 619, 626, 634, 653, 661, 672
trading posts of, 16
war within, 571–75, 573
Itinerarium Regis Ricardi, 171
Ivan Asen, emperor of Bulgaria, 367
ivory, 95, 97–98, 290
Izu, 213
Izu Islands, 162
Jackson, Peter, 230
Jacques Bonhomme insurgents, 520, 583
Jaén, 307
Jaffa, 172
Jaffna, 547–48
Jalal ad-Din, shah of Khwarezm, 263–66, 333
Jalalu-d din Firu Khilji, 404
Jalandhar, 406
James, king of Aragon, 243, 246, 305–7, 372–73, 390, 410, 420
James II, king of Aragon, 463
James II, king of Sicily, 392
Jamuqa, 196–98
Japan, 61–67, 63, 69, 161–65, 382, 383, 386, 470, 566–69, 569
Chrysanthemum Throne in, 214, 215, 470
Cloistered Emperors in, 63–67
Kamakura Shogunate in, 162
pirates from, 566–67
Records Office in, 62
samurai in, 62, 66, 161, 163, 211, 382–83, 470, 473, 475
shoguns in, xxiv, 211–15, 470
Southern and Northern Courts in, 475, 475
timelines, 68, 75, 80, 165, 175, 216, 224, 477, 483, 490, 570, 576, 586
Jargeau, 665
Jatavarman Sundara, 272
Jaunpur, 549
Java, 108
Javakas, 274
Jaya Indravarman II, king of Champa, 29–30
Jaya Paramesvaravarman II, king of Champa, 300–301
Jayasi, 428
Jayavarman II, king of Khmer, 30
Jayavarman VIII, king of Khmer, 385
Jeanne d’Arc, 664–68
Jebe, 263, 264
Jeong Dojeon, 568
Jeong Jung-bu, 71–72
Jeroschin, Nicolaus von, 284–85
Jerusalem, 40, 76, 134n, 168, 173, 178, 179, 233, 237, 275, 282, 293, 295–96, 318, 351, 375, 450, 676
Crusader retaking of, 296
patriarch of, 296
Saladin’s conquest of city of, 158–59
Jerusalem, Kingdom of, 13–16, 15, 21, 35–36, 103–6, 135, 156–59, 166, 171–73, 171, 275n, 293, 333, 351, 353, 369, 376–77
Jews, 457
in Egypt, 89
English imprisonment of, 205
expulsion from France of, 153, 413, 463
French, Pastoureaux’s murder of, 462–63
laws of, 395
Philip IV’s taxes on, 401
in Spain, 89
Jiangzhou, 527
Jianwen, emperor of China, 638
Jiaozhi, see Dai Viet
Jien, court priest, 213
jihad, 34, 35–36, 102–3, 155, 157
Jin dynasty (Jurchen), 25, 28, 29, 55–59, 59, 195, 197–200, 262, 379
timelines, 33, 42, 60, 68, 75, 201, 206, 210, 269, 274, 302, 325
Jin empire, 310, 311–13, 341
jivatman, 119n
Joan (daughter of Louis X), 417
Joan, queen of France, 507, 515
Joan, queen of Navarre, 374, 515
Joan, queen of Scotland, 498
Joanna, queen of France, 579
Joan of Navarre, queen of France, 398, 416, 516
Jochi (son of Genghis Khan), 263, 266–68, 310, 313, 339, 560
Jogaila, grand duke of Lithuania, 554–55
Johannes Scotus Erigena, 6
John, duke of Burgundy, 621–23
John, king of England (John Lackland; John Softsword), 150–51, 166–67, 173–74, 202–5, 233, 238, 240, 248–55, 308, 360, 362, 399, 625
John, king of Jerusalem, 276, 293–95
John (son of Louis IX), 374
John I, king of Castile, 592
John I (John of Aviz), king of Portugal, 592–93, 654–56
John II, king of Castile, 654
John II, king of France, 515–22
John II Comnenus, emperor of Constantinople, 16–17, 35, 135
John III Vatatzes, ruler of Nicaea, 222–23, 222, 367–69
John IV Lascaris, ruler of Nicaea, 369–70
John V, emperor of Byzantium, 423, 425, 537–42, 598–99
John VI, emperor of Constantinople, 423–25, 507, 537–39, 541
John VII, emperor of Byzantium, 629–30
John VIII, emperor of Byzantium, 650–52, 676
John XXII, pope, 461–62, 484–88
John XXIII, pope, 615–17
John Cinnamus, 143
John Ducas, 135
John of Bohemia, 500
John of Brienne, 293n, 318
John of Fordun, 399, 400, 434, 437, 447
John of Gaunt, 517, 521, 577–79, 581, 583, 591–93, 595, 596n, 620, 654
John of Procida, 389
John of Salisbury, 53, 77
John of Trokelowe, 445
Joinville, Jean de, 226, 303, 308, 332–37, 353, 355, 373–74
Jordan river, 347
Joseon, Goryeo as, 567–69, 569
Jurchen people, 25–27, 57–58
see also Jin dynasty (Jurchen)
jury trial, 129
Justinian, emperor of Rome, 135
Juvaini, 264, 268
Juzjani, Minhaj Siraj, 122, 329
Ka’aba, 429, 457
Kabil Shah, khan of Chagatai, 557
Kadan, 315
Kaesong, 71, 311
Kafur, Malik, 407, 429, 478
Kahta, 450
Kaifeng, 25, 26, 29, 55, 56, 199, 310, 312–13
Kajoor, 459
Kaka, 587
Kakatiya, 112, 115
Kakatiya Kingdom, 429, 478–80
Kalachuri, 112
Kalka, 313
Battle of, 267
Kalka river, 266
Kalmar, 607
Kaloyan, emperor of the Bulgarians, 220–21
Kalyani, 112
Kamakura, 470
Kamakura shogunate, 162–64, 162, 211–15, 382, 471–75
kamikaze, 383
Kamo river, 63
kampaku, 61n
Kanem, 94–96, 288–90, 289, 372, 587–89
Saifawa dynasty of, 95
timelines, 101, 107, 116, 210, 216, 292, 297, 302, 590, 597
Kangdong, 310
Kanghwa, 311, 341
Kannauj, 329
Kano, 588
Kara, 404, 405
&nb
sp; Karakorum, 316, 339, 342–43, 347, 379–80, 637
Kardashian family, 519n
Karl Knutsson, king of Sweden, 609
karma, 119n
Katsina, 588
Kaveri, 546
kayasthas, 121
Ked-Buqa, 347–48
Keita clan, 208–9
timelines, 210, 216
Kemmu Restoration, 474
Kent, 78, 583
Kent, earl of, 304
Kerait tribe, Mongol, 195–96
Kerak, castle of, 449
Khalil, 346
Khalil al-Ashraf, sultan of Egypt, 376–77, 449
Khandesh, 548, 549
khans, 195, 196
Khatun, 452
Khentil mountains, 195
Kherlen river, 304
Khilji dynasty, 404
Khitan people, 310–11
Khmer, 28, 29–31, 300–301, 301, 385, 531–33, 533
timelines, 33, 42, 60, 302, 309, 536, 543, 550
Khojend, 263
Khokars, 228
Khorasan, 34, 121, 122, 134, 480
Khusrau Malik, sultan of the Ghaznavids, 122–23
Khusru, Amir, 428–29
Khusru Khan, sultan of Delhi, 430–31, 478
Khwarezm, Kingdom of, 262–67, 279, 333, 558
timelines, 269, 274
Khyber Pass, 121, 407
Kiev, 266, 310, 313, 315, 316, 367
Kilu-ghari, 404
Kilwa Chronicle, 97
Kilwa empire, 97–98
Shirazi dynasty of, 97
timelines, 101, 107, 116, 210, 216
Kim Bo-dang, 72
Kim Bu-sik, 71
Ki-Ming-Chan mountain range, 505
Kim Ton-jung, 71–72
Kingdom of Two Sicilies, 333, 335, 337, 364–65, 373–75, 389, 390–91, 410
Kinghorn, 497
Kirman, 34
Kitabatake Chikafusa, 476
Knighton, Henry, 507, 509–10, 613
Knights Hospitallers, 44, 157–58, 601
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, 44
Knights Templar, 44, 157–58, 377, 413–14, 416, 420
Grand Master of, 335
Koblenz, 321
Kogon, emperor of Japan, 473–75
Koje Island, 72
kola nuts, 95
Konoe, emperor of Japan, 61, 64–65
Konrad, duke of Mazovia, 283
Konyali, 419
Korea, see Goryeo
Koryeo-San, 342
Kosovo, Battle of, 598
Kotte, 548
Krakow, 367, 551–52, 674
Krewo, 555
Krishna, 546
Krishna river, 479
Kublai Khan, 341–43, 349, 379–86, 381, 405–6, 505, 525–26, 565, 637
Kujawy, 284
Kuju, 311
Kumano, 66
Kumbi-Saleh, 99–100, 207
Kuniyoshi, 471, 472
Kurds, 104
Kurikara, Battle of, 163
Kutluk, 505
Kyong, prince, 70–71
Kyoto, 62, 66, 67, 163, 212–15, 383, 470, 472–76, 566, 569
Kyushu, 382
laborers, 582–84
Ladislaus, king of Hungary, 677