Escape from Davao
Page 54
ultranationalism in, 68, 69
unconditional surrender demanded of, 329
U.S. prewar relations with, 8
U.S. underestimation of, 14–15
“victory disease” in, 69–70
Japanese Americans, internment of, 31, 322
Japan Times & Advertiser, 70
jaundice, 97
Jimenez, 253, 256, 261–62, 264
Jimmu Tenno, Emperor of Japan, 8
Johnson, Agusan Province, 184, 234
John Tarleton Agricultural College, 13, 276
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 3
and suppression of atrocity stories, 280, 309–10, 313–15, 400n
Jumarong, Victorio:
in escape planning, 164, 166–67, 176, 390n
in guerrilla army, 247, 350
Quezon’s pardon of, 287, 343
Jumarong, Victorio, in escape from Davao:
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 198–99, 203–4, 208–9, 211–12
first day, 191–92, 194
Jurika, Blanche, 250
Jurika, Steve, 250
Jurika, Thomas, 250
Kangleon, Ruperto, 260
Kapalong, 184, 232
Kapungagan, 184, 218, 219–21, 224–28, 343
Kelley, Welbourn, 315, 323
Kelly, Colin P., Jr., 31
Kelly Field, San Antonio, 13, 18
Kempeitai, 91, 92
Kennedy, John F., 348
Kerr, E. Bartlett, 335
KGEI, 31, 101
Kibosh (P-40), 39, 40–43, 44, 51–52
Kinamayan, 215, 216, 240
Kindley Field, Corregidor, 25, 137
King, Edward Postell, Jr., 55–56, 328
Knox, Frank, 366n
Kolger, Lou, 372n
Korea, Japanese annexation of, 8
Korean War, 341, 348
Kozar, Andy, 369n
Kreickenbeek, Mr., 236
Kublai Khan, 15
Kwajalein, 330
KZRH, 37
La Guardia, Fiorello, 321
Lamao, 56, 60
Lamon Bay, 23
Lanakai, 87
Lanao Province, 239, 289, 348
Landis, Gerald W., 321
Lapuyan, 270
Lasang, 116, 136, 343
Lasang Lumber Company, 116, 127
Las Nieves, 235
Latta, Frank, 298, 299
Lattimore, Owen, 310, 316, 400n
Laureta, Claro G., 218, 219, 225–28, 229–30, 232–33, 238–39, 243, 343, 350
Lawton, Manny, 196, 197
Leahy, William, 280, 309, 313, 315
Leavelle, Charles, 279, 288, 300
Lee, Clark, 25
Lee, Henry G., xiii, 35
Lee, Robert E., 55–56
leeches, 167, 193, 194
Lend-Lease, 321
Lethbridge Mission, 328
Leyte, 260, 349
Libuganon River, 229, 233, 235
Libunganan, 269
Life, 31, 282, 316, 323, 334, 341, 346
Limay, 60, 67
Lindbergh, Charles, 13
Lingayen Gulf, 23, 31
Linugos, 237
Lisbon Maru, 322
Little Baguio, 56, 60, 62, 64
Lockhart, Jack, 309, 314
Loreto, 184, 234
Lovett, Leland P., 286
Lubao, 60, 72
Lucky Bag, 24
Luna, 184, 219
Lungaog, 184, 211–18, 219
trail to, 160, 164, 166, 191–92
Luzon, 6, 10, 60, 349
Japanese air raids on, 16–17
Japanese landings on, 23
Japanese reconnaissance of, 12
USAFFE retreat in, 27–28, 34, 367n
Luzon Force, 55
Luzon Stevedoring Company, 91
Macajalar Bay, 248
MacArthur, Albert C., 309
MacArthur, Douglas, 3, 16, 21, 23, 26, 35, 51, 90, 367n
appointed USAFFE commander, 8–9
MacArthur, Douglas (cont.)
defensive plans of, 10–12, 28–29
egotism of, 10, 276
escapees’ meetings with, 275–76, 284, 299–300
in evacuation to Australia, 53–54, 84, 241
idolization of, 31
“I shall return” promise of, 54, 67, 154, 284
no-surrender orders issued by, 55
reinforcements promised to, 31–32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 321, 327–28, 371n
in return to Corregidor, 346–47
as Southwest Pacific Area commander, 148, 250, 253, 258, 259, 273–76, 287, 333
suppression of atrocity stories opposed by, 284–85
war crimes trials convened by, 351–53
War Plan Orange and, 10, 22–23
McCarthy, Frank, 297
McCarthy, Joe, 270
McClish, Edward Ernest, 226–27, 236, 237–43, 245, 246–47, 251–52, 260, 296, 298, 350
McCormick, Robert, 285–86
McCown, Johnny, 17, 19
McCoy, Betty Anne, 22, 24
McCoy, Melvyn, 22–23, 116, 325, 335
atrocities recounted by, 315–16, 323
background of, 23–24
book deal of, 341
at Cabanatuan, 95, 100, 106, 109
at Davao, 129, 132–35, 139–40, 143, 146–51, 153, 159, 161–66, 170–72, 174, 176–79
debriefings of, 274, 277, 286
DSC awarded to, 275
on Erie Maru, 115
in escape planning, 133–35, 139–40, 146–51, 153, 156–57, 159, 161–64, 166, 170–72, 174, 176–79
and fall of Corregidor, 87, 88, 89
Fourth War Loan Drive and, 326
gag order on, 286–87
in MacArthur’s return to Corregidor, 346–47
at Okinawa, 347
postwar career of, 347
McCoy, Melvyn, in escape from Davao, 246
in Australia, 273–75, 284
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 199, 201–3, 205, 208–14, 217–21, 224–25, 227
first day, 185–94
Kapungagan to Medina, 229–30, 232–37, 242–45
Medina to Dumanquilas Bay, 246–61, 264–66, 268–69, 271–72
McCracken, Alan, 222, 224
McCune, Kans., 137
McGhee, John H., 197
McNamara, Robert, 348
McPhee, John H., 180–81
Mactan rice fields, 126–27, 132–33, 146, 178
Maeda, Kazuo, 119, 127, 129, 130, 140, 141, 145, 159, 181, 187, 196, 198, 221–24, 225, 339, 352
Makati, 16
Malabang, 239, 245
malaria, 78, 93, 96, 131–32, 138, 144, 164, 225, 245, 258, 292–93
Malaya, Japanese attack on, 16
Malaybalay, 251
Malaybalay prison camp, 119, 122, 240
Malay Barrier, 30
Malinta Tunnel, 25, 29, 33, 36, 38, 83–84, 86, 137
Manchester, William, 371n
Manchuria, Japanese annexation of, 8
Manduriao Field, Iloilo, 57
Manhattan Project, 331
Manila, 6, 11, 12, 20, 37, 60, 110–11, 222, 224
American civilians in, 91
Bilibid Prison in, 110, 122, 343
Japanese advance on, 23
night life in, 8–10
POW march through, 89–90, 92, 249
Manila Polo Club, 9, 89
Manila Tribune, 101
Manobo tribe, 241
Margosatubig, 265, 270
Marine Corps, U.S., 26–27, 47–48, 101, 325
1st Division, 347
4th Regiment, 11, 25, 48–49, 75, 86
Mariveles, 50, 55, 56, 60, 62, 63
Mariveles Field, Bataan, 38, 39, 40, 51, 54
Mariveles Mountains, 42, 52
Markab, USS, 347
Marshall, George C., 11, 34, 291–92, 315–16, 322, 331, 367n
Marshall, Paul:
background of, 137
at Cabanatuan,
138–39
on Corregidor, 136–37
at Davao, 136, 139–40, 146–48, 157–59, 161, 166, 172, 176, 179
in escape planning, 139–40, 146–48, 157–59, 161, 166, 172, 176, 179
and failed rescue of Davao POWs, 342–45
as officer in guerrilla army, 247, 297, 334, 342–45
postwar career of, 345–46
Marshall, Paul, in escape from Davao:
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 204–5, 221
and division of group at Medina, 260
first day, 186–87, 191–92
Kapungagan to Medina, 230–32
at Medina, 246, 252
Marshall Islands, U.S. invasion of, 328, 329, 330
Martin, Madge Miguela, 348
masakozi, 68
Maxwell, Don, 279–80, 288, 292, 305
May, Andrew J., 321
May, James, 2
Maywood, Ill., 325
Medina, Misamis Oriental Province, 184, 226–27, 236, 237–39, 245, 246–47, 248, 251, 256, 257, 269
Mellnick, Maxim, 84–85
Mellnick, Tekla, 84–85
Mellnik, Steve, 89, 138, 343, 349
atrocities recounted by, 315–16, 323
background of, 84–85
book deal of, 341
at Cabanatuan, 93, 97, 98, 99, 103–4, 109, 136
on Corregidor, 83–84
at Davao, 119, 133–36, 139–40, 146–50, 157, 159–62, 166, 171–74, 176, 178–79
debriefings of, 274, 277, 286
DSC awarded to, 275
on Erie Maru, 113
in escape planning, 133–35, 139–40, 146–50, 157, 159–62, 166, 171–74, 176, 178–79
and failed rescue of Davao POWs, 342–44
gag order on, 286, 287
in MacArthur’s return to Corregidor, 346, 347
postwar career of, 346
Mellnik, Steve, in escape from Davao, 244
in Australia, 273–75, 284
Davao swamp to Kapungagan, 200–201, 203–5, 213, 225–27
first day, 185–87, 189–92
Kapungagan to Medina, 233–34
Medina to Dumanquilas Bay, 246–49, 261, 264–65, 271–72
Mellnik, Thelma, 83
“Memorare” prayer, 206
Mensching, Mrs. August, 283
Mester, Walter, 236
Meyer, August, 279
Michno, Gregory, 343
Midway, Battle of, 285–86, 333
Military Academy, U.S. (West Point), 85, 254
Military Intelligence Service, U.S., 3, 286, 310–11, 342
Mindanao, 6, 10, 12, 16, 52, 88, 109, 112, 115, 122, 150, 153, 184, 239, 250, 261
Japanese invasion of northern provinces of, 257, 260–62, 264, 266–68, 297
Mindanao Sea, 184, 260
Misamis City, 184, 242, 251, 252–56, 257, 261, 264
Misamis Occidental Province, 242, 261
Misamis Oriental Province, 237, 242
Japanese invasion of, 257, 260–62, 264
Missouri, USS, 321
Moore, Joe, 20, 50
Morgenthau, Henry, 324, 327
Mori, Shigeji, 104, 352
Morimoto, Iichiro, 222
Moro Gulf, 184
Moro tribe, 241, 251, 267, 289
Murray, James E., 34
Murrow, Edward R., 282
Mutual radio network, 326
Mydans, Carl, 334
Naga Naga, 270
Nakayama, Motoo, 56
Nanking, 285
Narra, 256
Narwhal, USS, 184, 296–99, 344
Nasipit, 184, 296–99
Natib, Mount, 27, 60
National War College, 14
Naval Academy, U.S. (Annapolis), 23–24, 47–48, 254
Navy, U.S.:
Asiatic Fleet, 10, 16, 23
atrocity stories and, 314, 315–16, 319
and expected USAFFE rescue, 24
Japanese codes broken by, 285–86
Pacific Fleet, 33
post-Pearl Harbor crisis of confidence in, 33
Public Relations Office of, 286, 315
16th Naval District, 22, 87
submarines of, 164–65, 184, 235, 238, 242, 244, 250, 256, 271–75, 288, 296–99
NBC radio network, 326
Negrito tribe, 241
Nelson, Russell J., 169–70
Netherlands East Indies, see Dutch East Indies
Never Say Die (Hawkins), 374n
New Britain, 329
New Guinea, 109, 329, 333
New Jersey, USS, 341
Newsweek, 310, 320, 329, 333
New York, 325
New York, N.Y., 250
New York Herald Tribune, 326
New York State War Finance Committee, 325
New York Stock Exchange, 325
New York Times, 3, 278, 291, 328, 330, 334, 341
New Zealand, 30
Neyland, Robert, 26, 204, 340, 369n
Nicaragua, 24
Nichols Field, Luzon, 7, 9, 15–16, 20
U.S. abandonment of, 23
Nielson Field, Makati, 16
Nigeria, 33
Nimitz, Chester, 33, 327–28
Nininger, Alexander R., Jr., 31
Nishamura, Mr., 130, 142, 352
Nordin, Carl, 195–96
Normandy invasion, 328
North Africa, 30
North Dakota Agricultural College, 48
Nothing but Praise (Lee), xiii
Notre Dame, University of, 80
Nueva Ecija Province, 95
Nueva Gracia, 184
O’Donnell, Camp, 60, 73, 76–83, 93, 95, 122, 154, 320, 351
atrocities and executions at, 78, 95, 148, 274
burial details at, 78–79, 94
Czech nationals at, 380n
death rate at, 79, 93, 94, 353
Filipino POWs at, 79, 93
overcrowding at, 77
starvation and disease at, 77–78, 79–80
Tsuneyoshi’s “welcome” speech at, 76–77, 94
Office of Censorship, 281, 309, 311, 314
Office of War Information (OWI), 281–82, 309–11, 314, 315–16, 324
Newspaper Advisory Committee of, 301
Oklahoma, USS, 47
Olds, Robin, 302–3
Olongapo, 55