Delphi Complete Works of Procopius

by Procopius of Caesarea

  But a suspicion arose against Silverius, the chief priest of the city, that he was engaged in treasonable negotiations with the Goths, and Belisarius sent him immediately to Greece, and a little later appointed another man, Vigilius by name, to the office of chief priest. And he banished from Rome on the same charge some of the senators, but later, when the enemy had abandoned the siege and retired, he restored them again to their homes. Among these was Maximus, whose ancestor Maximus had committed the crime against the Emperor Valentinian. And fearing lest the guards at the gates should become involved in a plot, and lest someone should gain access from the outside with intent to corrupt them with money, twice in each month he destroyed all the keys and had new ones made, each time of a different design, and he also changed the guards to other posts which were far removed from those they had formerly occupied, and every night he set different men in charge of those who were doing guard-duty on the fortifications. And it was the duty of these officers to make the rounds of a section of the wall, taking turns in this work, and to write down the names of the guards, and if anyone was missing from that section, they put another man on duty in his stead for the moment, and on the morrow reported the missing man to Belisarius himself, whoever he might be, in order that the fitting punishment might be given him. And he ordered musicians to play their instruments on the fortifications at night, and he continually sent detachments of soldiers, especially Moors, outside the walls, whose duty it was always to pass the night about the moat, and he sent dogs with them in order that no one might approach the fortifications, even at a distance, without being detected.

  At that time some of the Romans attempted secretly to force open the doors of the temple of Janus. This Janus was the first of the ancient gods whom the Romans call in their own tongue “Penates.” And he has his temple in that part of the forum in front of the senate-house which lies a little above the “Tria Fata”; for thus the Romans are accustomed to call the Moirai. And the temple is entirely of bronze and was erected in the form of a square, but it is only large enough to cover the statue of Janus. Now this statue, is of bronze, and not less than five cubits high; in all other respects it resembles a man, but its head has two faces, one of which is turned toward the east and the other toward the west. And there are brazen doors fronting each face, which the Romans in olden times were accustomed to close in time of peace and prosperity, but when they had war they opened them. But when the Romans came to honour, as truly as any others, the teachings of the Christians, they gave up the custom of opening these doors, even when they were at war. During this siege, however, some, I suppose, who had in mind the old belief, attempted secretly to open them, but they did not succeed entirely, and moved the doors only so far that they did not close tightly against one another as formerly. And those who had attempted to do this escaped detection; and no investigation of the act was made, as was natural in a time of great confusion, since it did not become known to the commanders, nor did it reach the ears of the multitude, except of a very few.

  Οὐίττιγις δὲ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα θυμῷ τε καὶ ἀπορίᾳ ἐχόμενος τῶν δορυφόρων τινὰς ἐς Ῥάβενναν πέμψας, Ῥωμαίων τοὺς ἐκ βουλῆς ἅπαντας οὕσπερ κατ̓ ἀρχὰς τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου ἐνταῦθα ἤγαγε κτείνειν ἐκέλευε. [2] καὶ αὐτῶν τινες μὲν προμαθόντες φυγεῖν ἴσχυσαν, ἐν οἷς Βηργεντῖνός τε ἦν καὶ Ῥεπάρατος, Βιγιλίου ἀδελφός, τοῦ Ῥώμης ἀρχιερέως, οἵπερ ἄμφω ἐς Λιγούρους κομισθέντες αὐτοῦ ἔμενον: οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἅπαντες διεφθάρησαν. [3] μετὰ δὲ Οὐίττιγις πολλὴν ἄδειαν ὁρῶν τοῖς πολεμίοις οὖσαν ἐκφορεῖν τε εἴ τι ἐκ τῆς πόλεως βούλοιντο, καὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια κατά τε γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν ἐσκομίζεσθαι, τὸν λιμένα, ὃν δὴ Πόρτον Ῥωμαῖοι καλοῦσι, καταλαβεῖν ἔγνω. [4] Ὃς δὴ ἀπέχει μὲν τῆς πόλεως ἓξ καὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους: μέτρῳ γὰρ τοσούτῳ τὸ μὴ ἐπιθαλασσία εἶναι διείργεται Ῥώμη: [5] ἔστι δὲ ᾗ ὁ ποταμὸς Τίβερις τὰς ἐκβολὰς ἔχει, ὃς δὴ ἐκ Ῥώμης φερόμενος, ἐπειδὰν τῆς θαλάσσης ἐγγυτέρω γένηται ὅσον ἀπὸ σταδίων πεντεκαίδεκα, δίχα σχιζόμενος τὴν ἱερὰν νῆσον καλουμένην ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖ. [6] προϊόντος τε τοῦ ποταμοῦ εὐρυτέρα ἡ νῆσος γίνεται, ὡς τῷ μήκει τὸ τοῦ εὔρους μέτρον κατὰ λόγον εἶναι, σταδίους γὰρ πεντεκαίδεκα ῥεῦμα ἑκάτερον ἐν μέσῳ ἔχει: [7] ναυσίπορός τε ὁ Τίβερις ἀμφοτέρωθι μένει. τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ ποταμοῦ μέρος ἐς τὸν λιμένα τὰς ἐκβολὰς ποιεῖται, ὧν ἐκτὸς πόλιν ἐκ παλαιοῦ Ῥωμαῖοι πρὸς τῇ ὄχθῃ ἐδείμαντο, τεῖχος περιβεβλημένην ἐχυρὸν μάλιστα, Πόρτον τε αὐτὴν τῷ λιμένι ὁμωνύμως καλοῦσιν. [8] ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ πρὸς τῇ ἑτέρᾳ τοῦ Τιβέριδος ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκβολῇ πόλις Ὀστία κεῖται, τῆς τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἠϊόνος ἐκτός, λόγου μὲν πολλοῦ τὸ παλαιὸν ἀξία, νῦν δὲ ἀτείχιστος παντάπασιν οὖσα. [9] ὁδὸν τοίνυν, ἣ ἐς Ῥώμην ἐκ τοῦ Πόρτου φέρει, ὁμαλήν τε καὶ ἐμπόδιον οὐδὲν ἔχουσαν τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ῥωμαῖοι πεποίηνται. [10] βάρεις τε ἀεὶ πολλαὶ ἐξεπίτηδες ἐν τῷ λιμένι ὁρμίζονται, καὶ βόες οὐκ ὀλίγοι ἐν παρασκευῇ ἀγχοτάτω ἑστᾶσιν. [11] ἐπειδὰν οὖν οἱ ἔμποροι ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐς τὸν λιμένα ἀφίκωνται, ἄραντες τὰ φορτία ἐνθένδε καὶ ταῦτα ἐνθέμενοι ἐν ταῖς βάρεσι, πλέουσι διὰ τοῦ Τιβέριδος ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην, ἱστίοις μὲν ἢ κώπαις ἥκιστα χρώμενοι, ἐπεὶ οὔτε ἀνέμῳ τινὶ ἐνταῦθα οἷά τέ ἐστι τὰ πλοῖα ὠθεῖσθαι συχνά τε τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἑλισσομένου καὶ οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος ἰόντος, οὐδέ τι ἐνεργεῖν αἱ κῶπαι δύνανται, τῆς τοῦ ὕδατος ῥύμης ἀπ̓ ἐναντίας αὐταῖς ἀεὶ φερομένης. [12] βρόχους δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν βάρεων ἐς τῶν βοῶν τοὺς αὐχένας ἀρτήσαντες ἕλκουσιν αὐτὰς ὥσπερ ἁμάξας ἄχρι ἐς Ῥώμην. [13] ἑτέρωθι δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐκ πόλεως Ὀστίας ἐς Ῥώμην ἰόντι ὑλώδης τε ἡ ὁδός ἐστι καὶ ἄλλως ἀπημελημένη καὶ οὐδὲ τῆς τοῦ Τιβέριδος ἠϊόνος ἐγγύς, ἅτε τῆς τῶν βάρεων ἀνολκῆς ἐνταῦθα οὐκ οὔσης. [14] Ἀφύλακτον οὖν τὴν πρὸς τῷ λιμένι πόλιν εὑρόντες οἱ Γότθοι αὐτήν τε αὐτοβοεὶ εἷλον καὶ Ῥωμαίων τῶν ταύτῃ ᾠκημένων πολλοὺς ἔκτειναν, [15] καὶ τὸν λιμένα ξὺν αὐτῇ ἔσχον. χιλίους τε σφῶν ἐνταῦθα φρουροὺς καταστησάμενοι ἐς τὰ στρατόπεδα οἱ λοιποὶ ἀνεχώρησαν. [16] καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις τὰ ἐκ θαλάσσης ἐσκομίζεσθαι ἀδύνατα ἦν, ὅτι μ
ὴ διὰ τῆς Ὀστίας πόνῳ τε, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, καὶ κινδύνῳ μεγάλῳ. [17] οὐδὲ γὰρ καταίρειν ἐνταῦθα Ῥωμαίων νῆες τὸ λοιπὸν εἶχον, ἀλλ̓ ἐν τῷ Ἀνθίῳ ὡρμίζοντο, ἡμέρας ὁδῷ τῆς Ὀστίας ἀπέχοντι. [18] ἐνθένδε τε τὰ φορτία αἰρόμενοι ἐκόμιζον μόλις: αἴτιον δὲ ἡ ὀλιγανθρωπία ἐγίνετο. Βελισάριος γὰρ περὶ τῷ Ῥώμης περιβόλῳ δείσας τὸν λιμένα κρατύνασθαι οὐδεμιᾷ φυλακῇ ἴσχυσεν. [19] οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν εἰ καὶ τριακόσιοι ἐνταῦθα ἐφύλασσον, οὔ ποτε τοὺς βαρβάρους ἀποπειρᾶσθαι τοῦ χωρίου, ἐχυροῦ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ὄντος.

  XXVI

  Now Vittigis, in his anger and perplexity, first sent some of his bodyguards to Ravenna with orders to kill all the Roman senators whom he had taken there at the beginning of this war. And some of them, learning of this beforehand, succeeded in making their escape, among them being Vergentinus and Reparatus, the brother of Vigilius, the chief priest of Rome, both of whom betook themselves into Liguria and remained there; but all the rest were destroyed. After this Vittigis, seeing that the enemy were enjoying a large degree of freedom, not only in taking out of the city whatever they wished, but also in bringing in provisions both by land and by sea, decided to seize the harbour, which the Romans call “Portus.”

  This harbour is distant from the city one hundred and twenty-six stades; for Rome lacks only so much of being on the sea; and it is situated where the Tiber River has its mouth. Now as the Tiber flows down from Rome, and reaches a point rather near the sea, about fifteen stades from it, the stream divides into two parts and makes there the Sacred Island, as it is called. As the river flows on the island becomes wider, so that the measure of its breadth corresponds to its length, for the two streams have between them a distance of fifteen stades; and the Tiber remains navigable on both sides. Now the portion of the river on the right empties into the harbour, and beyond the mouth the Romans in ancient times built on the shore a city, which is surrounded by an exceedingly strong wall; and it is called, like the harbour, “Portus.” But on the left at the point where the other part of the Tiber empties into the sea is situated the city of Ostia, lying beyond the place where the river-bank ends, a place of great consequence in olden times, but now entirely without walls. Moreover, the Romans at the very beginning made a road leading from Portus to Rome, which was smooth and presented no difficulty of any kind. And many barges are always anchored in the harbour ready for service, and no small number of oxen stand in readiness close by. Now when the merchants reach the harbour with their ships, they unload their cargoes and place them in the barges, and sail by way of the Tiber to Rome; but they do not use sails or oars at all, for the boats cannot be propelled in the stream by any wind since the river winds about exceedingly and does not follow a straight course, nor can oars be employed, either, since the force of the current is always against them. Instead of using such means, therefore, they fasten ropes from the barges to the necks of oxen, and so draw them just like waggons up to Rome. But on the other side of the river, as one goes from the city of Ostia to Rome, the road is shut in by woods and in general lies neglected, and is not even near the bank of the Tiber, since there is no towing of barges on that road.

  So the Goths, finding the city at the harbour unguarded, captured it at the first onset and slew many of the Romans who lived there, and so took possession of the harbour as well as the city. And they established a thousand of their number there as guards, while the remainder returned to the camps. In consequence of this move it was impossible for the besieged to bring in the goods which came by sea, except by way of Ostia, a route which naturally involved great labour and danger besides. For the Roman ships were not even able to put in there any longer, but they anchored at Anthium, a day’s journey distant from Ostia. And they found great difficulty in carrying the cargoes thence to Rome, the reason for this being the scarcity of men. For Belisarius, fearing for the fortifications of Rome, had been unable to strengthen the harbour with any garrison at all, though I think that if even three hundred men had been on guard there, the barbarians would never have made an attempt on the place, which is exceedingly strong.

  Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν, ἐπειδὴ τειχομαχοῦντες ἀπεκρούσθησαν, τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ οἱ Γότθοι ἔδρασαν. ἡμέραις δὲ ὕστερον εἴκοσιν ἢ ὁ Πόρτος ἥ τε πόλις καὶ ὁ λιμὴν ἑάλω, Μαρτῖνός τε καὶ Βαλεριανὸς ἧκον, ἑξακοσίους τε καὶ χιλίους στρατιώτας ἱππεῖς ἐπαγομένω. [2] καὶ αὐτῶν οἱ πλεῖστοι Οὖννοί τε ἦσαν καὶ Σκλαβηνοὶ καὶ Ἄνται, οἳ ὑπὲρ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον οὐ μακρὰν τῆς ἐκείνῃ ὄχθης ἵδρυνται. [3] Βελισάριος δὲ ἥσθη τε αὐτῶν τῇ παρουσίᾳ καὶ πολεμητέα σφίσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους εἶναι τὸ λοιπὸν ᾤετο. [4] τῇ γοῦν ὑστεραίᾳ τῶν δορυφόρων τῶν αὑτοῦ ἕνα, θυμοειδῆ τε καὶ δραστήριον, Τραϊανὸν ὄνομα, τῶν ὑπασπιστῶν διακοσίους ἱππέας λαβόντα, ἐκέλευεν εὐθὺ τῶν βαρβάρων ἰέναι, καὶ ἐπειδὰν τῶν χαρακωμάτων ἐγγυτέρω ἵκωνται, ἀναβάντας ἐπὶ λόφου ὑψηλοῦ ἡσυχάζειν, δείξας τι χωρίον αὐτῷ. [5] ἢν δὲ οἱ πολέμιοι ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἴωσιν, ἐκ χειρὸς μὲν τὴν μάχην οὐκ ἐᾶν γενέσθαι, οὐδὲ ξίφους ἢ δορατίου τινὸς ἅπτεσθαι, χρῆσθαι δὲ μόνοις τοξεύμασιν, ἡνίκα τέ οἱ τὴν φαρέτραν οὐδὲν ἐντὸς ἔχουσαν ἴδῃ, φεύγειν τε κατὰ κράτος οὐδὲν αἰδεσθέντα καὶ ἐς τὸν περίβολον ἀναχωρεῖν δρόμῳ. [6] ταῦτα ἐπιστείλας, τῶν τε τοξευμάτων τὰς μηχανὰς καὶ τοὺς ἀμφὶ ταύταις τεχνίτας ἐν παρασκευῇ εἶχε. Τραϊανὸς δὲ ξὺν τοῖς διακοσίοις ἐκ πύλης Σαλαρίας ᾔει ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων στρατόπεδον. [7] καὶ οἱ μέν. καταπεπληγμένοι τῷ αἰφνιδίῳ, ἐβοήθουν ἐκ τῶν χαρακωμάτων, ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἐκ τῶν δυνατῶν ἐσκευάσθαι τετύχηκεν. [8] οἱ δὲ ἀμφὶ Τραϊανὸν ἀναβάντες ἐπὶ τοῦ λόφου ὅνπερ αὐτοῖς Βελισάριος ἔδειξεν, ἐνθένδε τοὺς βαρβάρους ἠμύνοντο βάλλοντες. [9] καὶ αὐτῶν τοὺς ἀτράκτους ἅτε ἐς πολὺν ἐμπίπτοντας ὅμιλον ἀνθρώπου ἢ ἵππου ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐπιτυγχάνειν ξυνέβαινεν. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἅπαντα σφᾶς τὰ βέλη ἤδη ἐπελελοίπει, οἵδε κατὰ τάχος ὀπίσω ἀπήλαυνον, διώκοντές τε οἱ Γότθοι ἐνέκειντο. [10] ὡς δὲ τοῦ περιβόλου ἐγγυτέρω ἵκοντο, τά τε ἐκ τῶν μηχανῶν τοξεύματα οἱ τεχνῖται ἐνήργουν, καὶ τῆς διώξεως οἱ βάρβαροι κατωρρωδηκότες ἀπέσχοντο. [11] λέγονται δὲ Γότθοι οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ χίλιοι ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ τούτῳ ἀποθανεῖν. ἡμέραις δὲ ὀλίγαις ὕστερον Βελισάριος Μουνδίλαν τῶν δορυφόρων τῶν αὑτοῦ ἕτερον, καὶ Διογένην, διαφερόντως ἀγαθοὺς τὰ πολέμια, ξὺν ὑπασπισταῖς τριακοσίοις στείλας, ταὐτὸ ποιεῖ
ν τοῖς προτέροις ἐκέλευε. καὶ οἱ μὲν κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίουν. [12] ὑπαντιασάντων δὲ τῶν πολεμίων ξυνηνέχθη αὐτῶν οὐχ ἥσσους, εἰ μὴ καὶ πλείους, ἢ ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ ἔργῳ τρόπῳ τῷ αὐτῷ ἀπολωλέναι. [13] πέμψας δὲ καὶ τρίτον ξὺν ἱππεῦσι τριακοσίοις Ὀΐλαν τὸν δορυφόρον, ἐφ̓ ᾧ τὰ ὅμοια τοὺς πολεμίους ἐργάσονται, ταὐτὰ ἔδρασε. [14] τρεῖς τε, καθάπερ μοι ἐρρήθη, ἐπεκδρομὰς ποιησάμενος τῶν ἐναντίων ἀμφὶ τετρακισχιλίους διέφθειρεν. [15] Οὐίττιγις δὲ ῾οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸν εἰσῄει τὸ διαλλάσσον ἐν τοῖς στρατοπέδοις τῆς τε ὁπλίσεως καὶ τῆς ἐς τὰ πολέμια ἔργα μελέτης᾿ ῥᾷστα καὶ αὐτὸς ᾤετο τὰ ἀνήκεστα τοὺς πολεμίους ἐργάσασθαι, ἤν γε στρατῷ ὀλίγῳ ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς τὴν ἔφοδον ποιοίη. [16] ἔπεμψεν οὖν ἱππεῖς πεντακοσίους, ἄγχιστά τε τοῦ περιβόλου ἰέναι κελεύσας, καὶ ὅσα πρὸς ὀλίγων πολλάκις πολεμίων πεπόνθασι, ταῦτα δὴ ἐς ξύμπασαν τὴν ἐκείνων στρατιὰν ἐπιδείξασθαι. [17] καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐν χωρίῳ ὑψηλῷ γενόμενοι τῆς πόλεως οὐ μακρὰν ἄποθεν, ἀλλ̓ ὅσον ἔξω βελῶν, ἵσταντο. [18] Βελισάριος δὲ ἄνδρας τε ἀπολέξας χιλίους καὶ Βέσσαν αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα ἐπιστήσας ὁμόσε χωρεῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπέστελλεν. [19] οἱ δὲ κύκλωσίν τε τῶν βαρβάρων ποιησάμενοι καὶ κατὰ νώτου ἀεὶ βάλλοντες κτείνουσί τε συχνοὺς καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς βιασάμενοι κατελθεῖν ἐς τὸ πεδίον ἠνάγκασαν. [20] ἔνθα δὴ τῆς μάχης οὐκ ἐξ ἀντιπάλου τῆς δυνάμεως ἐκ χειρὸς γενομένης, τῶν Γότθων οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ διεφθάρησαν, ὀλίγοι δέ τινες μόλις διαφυγόντες εἰς τὸ σφέτερον στρατόπεδον ἀνεχώρησαν. [21] οὓς δὴ ὁ Οὐίττιγις ἅτε τῷ ἀνάνδρῳ ἡσσημένους ἐκάκιζε, καὶ τὸ πάθος ἑτέροις τισὶν ἀνασώσασθαι οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν ὑποσχόμενος, ἐν μὲν τῷ παρόντι ἡσύχαζε, τρισὶ δὲ ὕστερον ἡμέραις ἐκ πάντων τῶν χαρακωμάτων ἄνδρας ἀπολεξάμενος πεντακοσίους ἔργα ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους ἐκέλευεν ἐπιδείξασθαι ἀρετῆς ἄξια. [22] οὓς ἐπειδὴ Βελισάριος ἐγγυτέρω ἥκοντας εἶδε, πεντακοσίους τε καὶ χιλίους καὶ ἄρχοντας Μαρτῖνόν τε καὶ Βαλεριανὸν ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἔστελλεν. [23] ἱππομαχίας τε ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος γεγενημένης, τῷ πλήθει Ῥωμαῖοι παρὰ πολὺ ὑπεραίροντες τῶν πολεμίων, τρέπουσί τε αὐτοὺς οὐδενὶ πόνῳ καὶ σχεδόν τι ἅπαντας διαφθείρουσι. [24] Καὶ τοῖς μὲν πολεμίοις δεινόν τε καὶ τύχης ἐναντίωμα παντάπασιν ἐδόκει εἶναι, εἰ πολλοί τε ὄντες πρὸς ὀλίγων πολεμίων ἐπιόντων σφίσιν ἡσσῶνται καὶ κατ̓ ὀλίγους αὖθις ἰόντες ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς διαφθείρονται. [25] Βελισάριον δὲ δημοσίᾳ μὲν τῆς ξυνέσεως Ῥωμαῖοι ἐπῄνουν, ἐν θαύματι αὐτήν, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, μεγάλῳ ποιούμενοι, ἰδίᾳ δὲ αὐτὸν ἠρώτων οἱ ἐπιτήδειοι ὅτῳ ποτὲ τεκμαιρόμενος ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ τοὺς πολεμίους οὕτως ἡσσημένος διέφυγεν, εὔελπις ἐγεγόνει τῷ πολέμῳ κατὰ κράτος αὐτῶν περιέσεσθαι. [26] καὶ αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν ὡς αὐτοῖς κατ̓ ἀρχὰς ξὺν ὀλίγοις τισὶν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθὼν κατενόησεν ὅτι ποτὲ τὸ διαφέρον ἐν ἑκατέρᾳ στρατιᾷ εἴη, ὥστε ἢν κατὰ λόγον τῆς δυνάμεως τὰς ξυμβολὰς ποιοίη, οὐδὲν ἂν τῇ σφετέρᾳ ὀλιγανθρωπίᾳ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων λυμήνασθαι πλῆθος. [27] διαφέρειν δέ, ὅτι Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν σχεδόν τι ἅπαντες καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι Οὖννοι ἱπποτοξόται εἰσὶν ἀγαθοί, Γότθων δὲ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο οὐδενὶ ἤσκηται, ἀλλ̓ οἱ μὲν ἱππεῖς αὐτοῖς μόνοις δορατίοις τε καὶ ξίφεσιν εἰώθασι χρῆσθαι, οἱ δὲ τοξόται πεζοί τε ὄντες καὶ πρὸς τῶν ὁπλιτῶν καλυπτόμενοι ἐς μάχην καθίστανται. [28] οἵ τε οὗν ἱππεῖς, ἢν μὴ ἐκ χειρὸς ἡ ξυμβολὴ εἴη, οὐκ ἔχοντες καθ̓ ὅ τι ἀμυνοῦνται πρὸς τῶν ἐναντίων τοξεύμασι χρωμένων, εὐπετῶς ἂν βαλλόμενοι διαφθείρονται, καὶ οἱ πεζοὶ κατ̓ ἀνδρῶν ἱππέων ἐπεκδρομὰς ποιεῖσθαι οὐκ ἄν ποτε ἱκανοὶ εἶεν. [29] διὰ ταῦτα μὲν Βελισάριος ἰσχυρίζετο τοὺς βαρβάρους ἐν ταύταις δὴ ταῖς ξυμβολαῖς πρὸς Ῥωμαίων ἡσσῆσθαι. Γότθοι δὲ τῶν σφίσι ξυμβεβηκότων τὸ παράλογον ἐν νῷ ἔχοντες οὔτε κατ̓ ὀλίγους τὸ λοιπὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Ῥώμης περίβολον ἐχώρουν οὔτε τοὺς πολεμίους ἐνοχλοῦντας ἐδίωκον, πλήν γε δὴ ὅσον ἐκ τῶν χαρακωμάτων ἀπώσασθαι.