The Anarchism
Page 48
Early Pennsylvania
The study of the history of Colonial America by Murray Rothbard, Conceived in Liberty , discusses the period when Pennsylvania (the time of the Holy Experiment) fell into a state of anarchy and how William Penn fought nearly a decade to reinstate his rule over a people he did not want.
The Old American West
According to the research of Terry L. Anderson and PJ Hill, Old western United States during the period 1830 to 1900, had similarities with anarchist-capitalism as "private agencies They provided the necessary basis for an orderly society in which property was protected and conflicts resolved "and the common popular perception that the Old West was chaotic with little respect for property rights is incorrect.
Internet
For many anarchist-capitalists, for example linked to criptoanarquism, the internet would be the example of a network of jurisdictions (with some resemblance to the polycentric law) and conflicts are resolved based on the common law (see the new Lex Mercatoria). They are taken by them as a metaphor for the operation of voluntary interaction (market), since knowledge that handle the infinite interactions between individuals that occur every day in the world is much higher than they will ever handle any centralized authority (see: dispersed) knowledge.
Reviews
Criticisms of anarchist comprise several categories: those who claim that anarchist-capitalism can not work in practice, others who claim that capitalism requires a coercive state to exist (as minarchism) and that a society can be anarchist or capitalist but not both (as anarchist) general reviews for morality in capitalism and liberalism that can be applied to anarchist-capitalism, and the utilitarian criticism that anarchist-capitalism does not maximize utility.
Since minarchism
Some liberals consider minarchists a capitalist system could not survive or would not be effective without a public and impartial state, and the entire legal system that protects capitalism would be threatened to be several private states competing with each other. And asserts that capitalism has always needed a rule of law to be stable.
Anarchist-capitalism was criticized by Ayn Rand and Milton Friedman was minarchist wrote "Though necessary for freedom, capitalism alone is not enough to guarantee it. Has to be accompanied by a set of values and pro-freedom political institutions." Objectivists claim that in the absence of the state, an anarchist-capitalist society would degenerate into a "war of all against all." Other critics argue that the problem of externalities makes it impractical the provision of protection in an anarchist-capitalist society.
A well-known criticism of the free market anarchism is that of Robert Nozick who argued that a competitive legal system would evolve toward a government monopoly - even without violating individual rights in the process.Several market anarchists including Roy A. Childs and Murray Rothbard rejected the conclusion Nozick (though Childs subsequently rejected anarchism).
From classical anarchism
The adoption of an unfettered capitalism generates considerable tension between capitalist and socialist anarchist anarchists. The most important difference is the skepticism of social anarchists, the most famous of classical anarchism, anarchist-capitalists to proposals on the issue of private property historical branch. But otherwise the similarities with the classical individualist anarchism are stronger and it is normal to consider anarchist-capitalism as the resurgence of anarchist-individualism (anti-statist and voluntarist antiauthoritarian both).
Despite the general recognition of anarchist-capitalism as a form of individualist anarchism (see bibliography ), even by authors who question this philosophy,specifically pertaining to many anarchists anarchist also come to vehemently reject the nature anarchist anarchist-capitalism, arguing that "capitalism" is a form of coercion, something incompatible with an anarchist society.
Many anarchist-capitalists, on the other hand, argue that anarchist-capitalism is the only true form of anarchism. Some of them claim that socialist forms of anarchism are unrealistic because they require the consent and goodwill of all members of an anarchist society, while anarchist-capitalism naturally arises wherever there does not exist state and individual freedom. Anyway, there anarcocapitalistas who argue that, to volunteer and to respect private property, all systems can live in anarchy.
Stability of its legal institutions
Two of the most prominent scholars who have devoted serious thought to the legal institutions are essentially anarchist Richard Posner, who is Federal Appeals Judge and prolific legal scholar, and economist William Landes.In his 1975 essay "The Private Enforcement of Law",discussed prior gedankenexperiment undertaken Becker and Stigler in which it was suggested that law enforcement would be privatized and explain why consider such a system would not be economically efficient. According to a later response from David Friedman, "Efficient Institutions for the Private Enforcement of Law" ,
the private system had basic flaws that made it less than perfect public system except for the offenses that can be detected and punished at almost no cost. They admit that the private system may be preferable to less than ideal public system we have. However argue that the predominance of private enforcement (of the law) against offenses that are easily detected (mainly civil offenses) and rarity against offenses that are difficult to detect (mainly criminal offenses) suggest that our legal system is , at least roughly, efficient, using the most efficient system in each case.
Friedman, however, proceeds to argue that "the inefficiency Landes and Posner showed in private institutions of law enforcement describing can be removed with minor changes in the institutions."
Literature
Anarcocapitalista Literature
Non-fiction
The following is a partial list of essential works dealing anarcocapitalism.
Austrolibertaria Approach
Murray N. Rothbard, the founder of anarchist-capitalism:
Man, Economy, and State Micro and Austrian macroeconomics,
Power and Market Classification of statist economic interventions,
The Ethics of Liberty moral grounds for a free society,
For a New Liberty Outline how an anarchist-capitalist society work
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
The Economics and Ethics of Private Property
A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism
Democracy: The God That Failed
Alternative approaches
David D. Friedman, The Machinery of Freedom Classic consequentialist defense of anarchist-capitalism
Bruce L. Benson:
The Enterprise of Law
To Serve and Protect
Randy E. Barnett, The Structure of Liberty Market forces create legal order
Anthony Jasay, The State The State acts in its own interests against individual interests
Jan Narveson, They and The State contractarian defense of anarchist-capitalism
Morris and Linda Tannahill, The Market for Liberty A classic on private defense agencies
Overview
Edward P. Stringham, Anarchy and the Law Reports of the main arguments and historical studies of anarcocapitalism
Fiction
Some advocates of anarchist think this has been addressed in some particular literary works of science fiction. One of the first examples that expose novel is Robert A. Heinlein The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1966), where the author describes what he calls "rational anarchism", but does not talk about anarchist-capitalism.
Authors cyberpunk and post-cyberpunk were fascinated by the idea of the fall of the nation-state. Many stories of Vernor Vinge, such as Marooned in Realtime , anarcocapitalistas societies often described in a favorable way. In the works Snow Crash and The Diamond Age by Neal Stephenson, Jennifer Government by Max Barry, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom Cory Doctorow and The Probability Broach by L. Neil Smith, the anarchist-capitalist ideas are also explored. The cyberpunk representation of these companies can range from the darkest to the most joyful optimism and does not necessarily imply anyth
ing specific about the political views of the author. In particular, Neal Stephenson avoids the clear political statements when confronted.
Symbols
Anarcocapitalistas Symbols
Anarchist-capitalists or libertarians anarchists have adopted symbols representing the convergence of anarchist traditions (non-state) and libertarian (free market individualism). Stresses the aurinegra combination that identifies the anarcocapitalism.
Flag aurinegra
A black flag and gold-Circulated
Ama-gi
Libertatis Æquilibritas
Aurinegra Star
V voluntary
References
↑ The first appearance this design was displayed by the attendees of a ceremony outdoors organized by Robert LeFevre at Rampart College in the United States in 1963. Murray Rothbard, The Betrayal of the American Right p. 188. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007.
↑ Gerald F. Gaus, Chandran Kukathas. 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. Sage Publications. pp.118-119. The source refers to the philosophy of David D. Friedman as "market anarchism."
↑ a b "This volume honors the foremost contemporary exponent of free market anarchism. A taxpayer Murray Rothbard rightly described as "zero-state economist more ideologically committed on earth. '" Review by Lawrence H. White of Man, Economy, and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N.Rothbard, published in Journal of Economic Literature, Vol XXVIII, June 1990, page 664, "" synthesizes a promotion of Lockean rights to life, liberty, property, and defense, an appeal to the free market as the device " social "more efficient and decentralized allocation of resources, and a historical and sociological analysis of the state as inherently aggressive and exploitative. The product of this synthesis is the free market anarchism of Rothbard." "Reviewed by Eric Mack Towards a new freedom of Murray Rothbard, American Political Science Review , Vol 71, p. 332
↑ Morris, Christopher. 1992. An Essay on the Modern State . Cambridge University Press. p. 61.
↑ See use in Spanish, Libertarian Anarchism: Answer ten objections, Roderick T. Long, translation published in The Liberal Venezuelan .
↑ a b c Anarchy and the Law: The Political Economy of Choice, by Edward Stringham. Transaction Publishers, 2007 "private property anarchism, also known as anarchist libertarianism, individualist anarchism and anarchist-capitalism is a political philosophy and a set of economic and legal arguments holding that markets and contracts should provide law and the own rule of law can only be understood as a private institution. Libertarian anarchists argue that, to control the abuses of government, the state itself must be replaced by a social order of self-government on the basis of contracts. "
↑ a b Ronald Hamowy, Editor, The encyclopedia of libertarianism, SAGE, 2008, p 10-12, p 195, ISBN 1-4129-6580-2, 9781412965804
↑ Robert P. Murphy. "What are they calling" anarchy "."
↑ According to Murray Rothbard "services which truly provide the government could be provided in a much more efficient and moral for private and cooperative enterprise. Towards a new freedom "
↑ The nonaggression axiom, by Murray Rothbard
↑ Hess, Karl. The Death of Politics. Interview in Playboy Magazine, March 1969 "The laissez-faire, or anarchist-capitalism is simply the economic form of the libertarian ethic. Laissez-faire capitalism encompasses the notion that men should exchange goods and services, without regulation, solely on the basis of value for value. Recognizes activity nonprofit and community enterprises as voluntary versions of this same ethic. A system of this type would be a strict barter, except for accepted the widespread need a division of labor in which men, voluntarily, accept value tokens such as cash and credit. Economically, this system is anarchy, and proudly. "
↑ "Usually considered a left-wing ideology, anarchism has always included a major force of radical individualism, from the hyper-rationalism of Godwin, to the egoism of Stirner, to the libertarians and anarchist-capitalists today. Brooks, Frank H. 1994. The Individualist Anarchists: An Anthology of Liberty (1881-1908) "
↑ Adams, Ian. 2002. Political Ideology Today. p. 135. Manchester University Press; Ostergaard, Geoffrey. 2003. Anarchism. In W. Outwaite (Ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought . p. 14. Blackwell Publishing
↑ "The Spooner-Tucker Doctrine: An Economist's View"
↑ "A student and disciple of the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, Rothbard combined the laissez-faire of his teacher with the absolutist view of human rights and rejection of the state that had adopted to study the American individualist anarchists of the 19th century as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker. Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought , 1987, ISBN 0-631-17944-5, p. 290 "
↑ Edward Stringham, Anarchy, State, and Public Choice , Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2005.
↑ Argumentation and Self-Ownership. Fragment English Ethics and Economics of Private Property by Hans-Hermann Hoppe. The ethics of Hoppe's argument uses an analytical approach to ethics, with the idea of becoming a high justification of natural law.
↑ They and the State: A Fairly Brief Introduction to Political Philosophy. Review of George Gragues about the book that exposes the contractarian libertarianism anarchist and Jan Narveson. University of Guelph-Humber
↑ Rothbard, Murray N. (1988) "What's Wrong with Liberty Poll, or, How I Became a Libertarian" Liberty, July 1988, p.53
↑ Burton, Daniel C.. Libertarian anarchism . Libertarian Alliance.
↑ "Murray N. Rothbard (1926-1995), American economist, historian, and individualist anarchist."Avrich, Paul. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America, Abridged Paperback Edition (1996), p. 282
↑ a b c d Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (2001) "Anarchist-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography" Retrieved 23 May 2005
↑ Wall, Richard (2004) "Who's Afraid of Noam Chomsky?" Retrieved 19 May 2005
↑ a b Rothbard, Murray N. (1982) 'The Ethics of Liberty' Madrid, Union Editorial. (Electronic version in English)
↑ Rothbard, Murray N. (1973) For a New Liberty Collier Books, A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York: pp.24-25.
↑ Rothbard, Murray N. Society without a State (pdf) Newsletter Libertarian Forum (January 1975)
↑ Exclusive Interview With Murray Rothbard The New Banner: A Fortnightly Libertarian Journal(February 25, 1972)
↑ In a future of peace and capitalism , Murray Rothbard explains: "To discuss the" Future of Capitalism ", first of all we need to determine what is really meant by the term" capitalism capitalism "was coined by his older and" Unfortunately, the term. " better known enemy, Karl Marx. really can not rely on this concept for proper and subtle meaning. Indeed, what Marx and later writers did was answer two extremely different and even contradictory concepts, combining them under one term. These two contradictory concepts are what I like to call "free market capitalism" on the one hand, and "state capitalism" on the other. "
↑ Adams, Ian. Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press, 2001. p. 33
↑ A future of peace and capitalism , Murray Rothbard
↑ a b Long, Roderick T. (2006). "Land-locked: A Critique of Carson on Property Rights." Journal of Libertarian Studies 20 (1): p. 87-95 . http://mises.org/journals/jls/20_1/20_1_6.pdf .
↑ a b c Bylund, Per. Man and Matter: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Justification of Ownership in Land from the Basis of Self-Ownership . http://www.perbylund.com/academics_polsci_msc.pdf .
↑ Verhaegh, Marcus (2006). "Rothbard as a Political Philosopher." Journal of Libertarian Studies 20(4): p. Three . http://mises.org/journals/jls/20_4/20_4_1.pdf .
↑ Holcombe, Randall G. (2005). "Common Property in Anarchist-Capitalism." Journal of Libertarian Studies 19 (2): p. 3-29 . http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/19_2/19_2_1.pdf .
↑ Holcombe, Randall G., Common Property in Anarchist-Capitalism, Journal of Libertarian Studies, Volume 19, No. 2 (Spring 2005) :3-29.
↑ Long, Roderick T. 199. "A Plea for Public Property." Formulations 5, no. 3 (Spring)
/> ↑ RIPS Journal of Policy Research and Sociological year / vol. 3, Number 001 . University of Santiago de Compostela. 2004 .http://web.archive.org/web/http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/380/38030106.pdf . Retrieved 06-02-2010 .
↑ Lavoie, Don. Democracy, Markets, and the Legal Order: Notes on the Nature of Politics in a Radically Liberal Society. Published in Liberalism and the Economic Order, by G. Tyler Miller.Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 115
↑ Sanders, John T. & Narveson, January 1996. For and Against the State: New Philosophical Readings. Towman & Littlefield. p. 197
↑ Objectivism and the State: An Open Letter to Ayn Rand, where Roy Childs tries to turn Ayn Rand the "free market anarchism", published in October 1969 by ISIL.
↑ Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran (eds.). Handbook of Political Theory . 2004. Sage Publications. p. 119
↑ Friedman, David. The Machinery of Freedom . Second edition. La Salle, Ill., Open Court, p. 116-117.
↑ "A student and disciple of the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, Rothbard combined the laissez-faire of his teacher with the absolutist view of human rights and rejection of the state that had adopted to study the American individualist anarchists of the 19th century as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker. " Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought, 1987, ISBN 0-631-17944-5, p. 290
↑ Rothbard, Murray. For A New Liberty. 12 The Public Sector, III: Police, Law, and the Courts
↑ Friedman, David. Machinery of Freedom . Second edition. La Salle, Ill., Open Court, p. 116-117.
↑ Friedman, David D. The Machinery of Freedom. Chapter 42