The Anarchism

by Anna Georgieva

  For some decades concerning the intellectual anarchist literature were linked to Paul Goodman American counterculture, and Ivan Illich, radical unschooling pedagogue promoter. In more recent times has been the reviewed literature, one of the references that has come closest to anarchism, are usually linked to the critics of modernity or postmodernity analysts and analysts of the new forms of social and economic liberation. In this heterogeneous group found the trials and Antonio Negri, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Manuel Castells, Alvin Toffler, of a variety of authors. We also include several books of Noam Chomsky as a writing concerning anarchism in recent decades.

  The undisputed market anarchism genre was science fiction, with novels like The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, The Diamond Age, Alongside Night, or Anarky comics, among others.

  Anarchism in the theater

  The major Nordic playwright, and one of the most important in the history of modern theater was the anarchist Henrik Ibsen, author of works known as Dollhouse and An Enemy of the People . In the Rio de la Plata Florencio Sánchez was the most outstanding figure. Among his most notable works are M'hijo the Doctor , Canillita and health rights . Florencio Sánchez also practiced journalism and social activism, working in the anarchist newspaper La Protesta . The multifaceted anarchist writer and editor of The Torch, Rodolfo González Pacheco, also dabbled in drama, though with minor works.

  In 1946 Julian Beck and Judith Malina founded the Living Theater, inspired by libertarian principles. It was based on controversial issues, appealing to improvisation and audience participation. Although it was conceived as experimental theater in the sixties got quite popular. The Living Theatre troupes influenced many of the decades to the present.

  A play of special relevance for anarchism is the famous novel Morte accidentale anarchico took a Nobel Prize winner Dario Fo literature. The play is a comedy (with a strong presence of social criticism) inspired by the events that took place in 1969 in Milan, Italy, where he died the anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli at the hands of the police when he was questioned about the bomb blast in the Piazza Fontana.

  Howard Zinn is the author of Emma (1976), a play based on the life of the anarchist Emma Goldman.

  Anarchism in the arts

  Proudhon tried in his works of art theory, influence the aesthetic ideal of the pictorial realism and, later, in the socialist realism: Since the nineteenth century, numerous contacts between anarchism and the art world began.For Proudhon, art should serve a social and moral objectives, rejecting the "art for art" and defending the figure of the artist as a being of right principles as all contributing to the development of society. For him, art " is an idealized representation of nature and ourselves in order to physically and morally perfect our species . "

  Proudhon especially influenced Gustave Courbet, personal friend of his he and Camille Pissarro, Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, etc, developed libertarian aesthetic concepts. Courbet's famous painting is the author Pierre-Joseph Proudhon et ses enfants ( Portrait of Proudhon and his children ), 1865. Signac in 1902 said " anarchist painter is not he who paints pictures with anarchist motives but which nonprofit, without expecting any reward, fight with all his individualism and his entire staff effort against the bourgeoisie and official conventions " .

  During the twentieth century there were some links between movement Dadaist, Surrealist and anarchism, although not always very explicit, especially in the 50s in France.During those years the artistic production of Miguel García Vivancos, former member of Durruti group, exiled in France is highlighted. In art criticism (both plastic and literature) have highlighted Herbert Read.

  A mention should be developed based on the art of propaganda and revolutionary anarchist ideals, especially in illustrating libertarian periodicals and street posters. The latter expression had its heyday in Spain during the Civil War.

  Anarchism in film

  Unable habar both avowedly anarchist directors, except Jean Vigo whose work Detroit Rock City is a classic of French cinema. During the Spanish Revolution anarcosindicalista self-managed film production was articulated through producing SIE Films, Films FRIEP and Spartacus. Between August 1936 and June 1937 there were 84 films, most notably the movie Dawn of Hope , Antonio Sau, a jewel of Spanish cinema classic.

  Many filmmakers, however, have taken themes related to the history of anarchism.

  Sacco and Vanzetti takes up the causes of alleged robbery and murder in 1920 and the process by which Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were murdered by the courts of Massachusetts in 1927. The director of the play was Giuliano Montaldo in 1971.

  Love and Anarchy (1973) Lina Wertmuller set in the years of fascism in Italy portrays the life of a prostitute and an anarchist, just try to execute to Benito Mussolini.

  In 1974 Hector Olivera led La Patagonia Rebelde,based on the book by Osvaldo Bayer narrating the Patagonian worker strikes of 1921 in Argentina, which ended with the murder by the army of hundreds. Also in that year, the film Quebracho Ricardo Wullicher, focuses on strikes of workers and immediately following World War Argentine rural workers.

  Ken Loach was inspired by the book Homage to Catalonia by George Orwell for his film Land and Freedom 1995 showing how they were on the front lines of the Spanish Revolution through the eyes of a communist initially militiaman.

  Libertarian (Vicente Aranda, 1996), tells the story of a militia in the Spanish Civil War and how the convents and brothels literally disappear during the years of libertarian revolution in cultural and political revolt that put women fighting side by side with men in the front lines.

  V for Vendetta 2005 based on the graphic novel V for Vendetta tells the story of a masked man who fights against a fascist government based in the England of the future. Although the novel had anarchist ideas, the film was sent to show they only the fight against a totalitarian state.

  Salvador (Puig Antich) (Manuel Huerga, 2006) on the MIL militant sentenced to death in 1974 Salvador Puig Antich.

  Battle in Seattle Stuart Townsend (2008), tells the events of the demonstration against the WTO in 1999.

  There are many movies whose argument and proposal has strong affinities with anarchism: 1984 based on the novel by George Orwell, was filmed by Michael Anderson (1956) and Michael Radford (1984), Fahrenheit 451 Director Laureate François Truffaut (1966), The Fight Club David Fincher (1999), The strategy of the snail from Sergio Cabrera (1993), V for Vendetta , Matrix , American Beauty , The Dead Poets Society club , etc..

  In 2006 Winds of water, the number of Spanish-Argentina co-production that portrays the life (among many others) an anarchist worker must go to Argentina to blow up a mine after landslide kills thereof which premiered its brother-in Asturias, Spain 1934 alternating scenes with the character who has lived deep social crisis in Argentina in late 2001 where he has to go back to Spain to try to get a decent job being an illegal immigrant. This 13-part series is directed by Juan José Campanella

  In 2006 various anarchist groups, both socialist as liberal,took the world premiere of the adaptation of the Wachowski brothers pro-anarchist comic by Alan Moore V for Vendetta to be getting the message anarchist broad levels of society.

  There are also a lot of documentaries that tell the history of anarchism among which may be mentioned Living Utopia , anarchists , 1937 - A People in Arms , Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian peasant (Helene Chatelain),Buenaventura Durruti, anarchist ( Joglars, etc.).

  Freedom of knowledge

  Anarchists consider important promoting the free distribution of all kinds of reading and knowledge. Today, this trend can be seen to promote the abolition of royalties or patents, copyright disobedience, free knowledge, culture fanzine and copyleft licenses.

  Anarchism in music

  In music related to anarchism, have been around since the nineteenth century musicians, composers and themes well known. Within the latter, have attained special importance in Castilian songs popular during the Spanish Civil War and the Spanish Revolution of 1936 "To the Barricades" and "Children
of the people", both which have survived to this day becoming true hymns of anarchism and being versioned countless times.

  U.S. libertarian protest song had as main exponents Joe Hill and Woodrow Gutrie. In Argentina highlighted the payador Martin Castro and tango composer Juan de Dios Filiberto, author of celebrated works as Caminitoand Malevaje In France the musical movement known as chanson had among its leading exponents to Georges Brassens and Léo Ferré.

  In recent decades within circles of theyng anarchists took the punk subculture and thus relevance within this came a specifically anarchist anarchist-punk subgenre known as where the letters stand committed to anarchist ideology and the reporting of state and capitalist oppression.The pioneers of this style were bands like Crass, Dead Kennedys and Conflict in the United Kingdom. Later in this genre also emerge and so the crust punk bands like Nausea stand, Oi Polloi, or Aus Rotten. In Spanish-speaking countries of bands in this genre also began to appear such as Godless or the Dead Christ in Spain, System Failures in Mexico or Apathy Not in Venezuela.Later appear Anarchist Punk International which is a network that brings together groups from America and Europe.

  Currently, within the rap and especially in Europe, has developed another militant rap sub-genre (which usually develops within the rap underground), and this includes many groups and performers declared anarchists. In the French scene include emcees such as Assassin, Keny Arkana, Ministère des Affaires Populaires (also known as MAP), or Sniper. On the other hand, in the incipient stage of the Spanish State combative rap, stand out Platform, Mentenguerra, Folie à Trois, MPR, Irati Malatesta, Griotte or AFS (Art Filosófiko)

  Finally, musicians, fans and event organizers anarchists have appeared in contemporary genres as diverse as folk, nueva trova, techno / psytrance / , or if alternative rock and experimental rock influenced by bands like Negativland situationism and Chumbawamba.

  Anarchist Philately

  Anarchists stamps are those with some anarchist theme, which tend to be part of one of two categories: those that are real, postage stamps, and non-governmental, non-postal stamps that occurred in the memory of historical events special and memorable people, and sometimes, to raise money for a political cause, the most popular is the one that took place during the Spanish Civil War.

  There are also stamps to pay membership fees and guaranteed seals used in the books of members of anarchist organizations and unions such as the Spanish CNT and the American IWW.

  Anarchists represented on postage stamps

  Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, France, 1948.

  Leo Tolstoy, USSR, in 1935, 1953, 1960.

  Henry David Thoreau, United States, 1967.

  Louise Michel, France, 1986.

  Louise Michel, New Caledonia, 1991.

  Joe Hill, Sweden, 1980.

  In seals Spanish Civil War (also known as "republican labels")

  Buenaventura Durruti

  References

  ↑ In the definition of anarchism to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Peter Kropotkin writes:

  It would be impossible to explain here, in such a short sketch, the penetration, on the one hand, of anarchist ideas into modern literature, and the influence, second, that the libertarian ideas of the best contemporary writers have exercised in the development of anarchism. They can be found ten large volumes of literary supplement of the newspaper La Revolte and also the Temps Nouveaux, which are quotes from the works of hundreds of modern authors who expose anarchist ideas, to understand to what extent is closely related anarchism yet the intellectual movement of our time. Liberty by JS Mill, Individual versus The State of Spencer, Morality without Obligation or Sanction of Jean Marie Guyau and La Morale, l'art et la religion of Fouillée, works of Multatuli (E. Douwes Dekker), Art and Revolution Richard Wagner, the works of Nietzsche, Emerson, W. Lloyd Garrison, Thoreau, Alexander Herzen, Edward Carpenter, etc., and that the field of literature itself, the dramas of Ibsen, the poetry of Walt Whitman, Tolstoy's War and Peace, Paris and Zola's work, the latest books of Merezhkovsky, and countless works of lesser-known authors, are full of ideas that show how closely anarchism is associated with the chores of modern thought which follows the same trend to free man from the bonds of the state and capitalism.

  ↑ James Joll, The Anarchists , p. 151.

  ↑ Surrealism and anarchism - surreal proclamations (in Le Libertaire )

  ↑ List of films produced during the collectivization of the Spanish film industry, and technical specifications. (In the CNT file )

  ↑ "" La Patagonia Rebelde "- Monografias.com '.

  ↑ Inducer, Smile (September 29, 2006). 'V for Vendetta? A For Anarchy!. " NYMAA. Retrieved September 18, 2008.

  ↑ Shaffer, Butler (March 20, 2006). 'V for Vendetta'. LewRockwell.com. Retrieved September 18, 2008.

  ↑ "Anarcopunk"

  ↑ Ekintza Zuzena - Press freedom

  ↑ Labels: designs for postage anarchist Colin Ward and Clifford Harper

  ↑ Pictures of various stamps issued by CNT

  Related readings

  Anarchist ideas have had a great influence on the culture and have inspired many people in different countries and throughout history. Both artists libertarian ideas as those who sympathized without openly declared anarchists, have left a vast and significant contribution in various disciplines, especially literature, drama, visual arts and painting, cinema and music. This artistic production has been very varied, covering topics of deep social and antiauthoritarian content has been vehicle values and revolutionary ideas, alternating denunciation of oppression and exploitation with the propaganda of the utopian ideals. Also the history of the anarchist movement and its ideas have been the source of inspiration for authors ideologically close to anarchism, but not claimed as such. In these cases the work rather than the artists has strong components and libertarian values.

  Literature

  One of the most libertarian writers literary relevance was the Russian Leo Tolstoy, Christian anarchist pacifist roots, precursor of libertarian naturalistic tendencies, author of classics of world literature, like War and Peaceand Anna Karenina . It is also greatly known George Orwell, who despite not having self-declared anarchist, known for its huge anti-authoritarian character and his criticism of the authoritarian communism of Stalin. Orwell was present in the Spanish social revolution of 1936 and the Spanish Civil War, an experience that would serve him for writing Homage to Catalonia . Other well-known books include 1984 and Animal Farm . Within this same period would importance attached to existentialist philosophy and literature the figure of Albert Camus, who wrote the novel The Plague the play Siege and explicitly libertarian essay The Rebel , apart from his philosophical works and collaborations newspapers and libertarian organizations.

  Other writers that can be included are Octave Mirbeau (novelist and playwright), Henry Thoreau, Oscar Wilde and William Morris, critics industrialist capitalist society and advocates of individual sovereignty. In the field of poetry stands Voltairine of Cleyre, although they could also be considered to Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, William Blake, Allen Ginsberg and León Felipe, whose poetry has a high affinity with anarchism. In journalism and testing, we can include Rafael Barret, author of an extensive and varied work, Manuel González Prada, Rodolfo González Pacheco, Ricardo Mella, Fernando Tarrida Marble and Élisée geographer Reclus.There have also been subject works very close to anarchism in other literary platform like the comic book, where they can quote V for Vendetta , written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd. One of the most trascedentales characters within the story, had a space in the literature, this is Jose Ingenieros, Argentine Italian roots, her works some real pieces of great value are a call to become aware socre social reality in which we live Currently, his most notable works are: The poor man's moral strength, Simulation of madness, madness in Argentina, etc, his work helped the social development of Argentina and is a source of inspiration for the theyth of this century.

  Theater

  The major Nordic playwright,
and one of the most important in the history of modern theater was the anarchist Henrik Ibsen, author of works known as Dollhouse and An Enemy of the People . In the Rio de la Plata Florencio Sánchez was the most outstanding figure. Among his most notable works are M'hijo the Doctor , Canillita and health rights . Florencio Sánchez also practiced journalism and social activism, working in the anarchist newspaper La Protesta . The multifaceted anarchist writer and editor of The Torch , Rodolfo González Pacheco, also dabbled in drama, though with minor works.

  In 1946 Julian Beck and Judith Malina founded the Living Theater, inspired by libertarian principles. It was based on controversial issues, appealing to improvisation and audience participation. Although it was conceived as experimental theater in the sixties got quite popular. The Living Theater influenced many theater companies in the following decades until today.

  In 1975 Argentina Pier Heller opens in a work inspired by aspects of the life of Severino di Giovanni work was presented at the Teatro Latino de San Telmo.

  A play of special relevance for anarchism is the famous novel Morte accidentale anarchico took a Nobel Prize winner Dario Fo literature. The play is a comedy (with a strong presence of social criticism) inspired by the events that took place in 1969 in Milan, Italy, where he died the anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli at the hands of the police when he was questioned about the bomb blast in the Piazza Fontana.

  Howard Zinn is the author of Emma (1976), a play based on the life of the anarchist Emma Goldman.

  Cinema

  They can not properly speak of openly anarchist directors, except for Jean Vigo, whose work Detroit Rock City is a classic of French cinema. Many filmmakers, however, have taken themes related to the history of anarchism. Lina Wertmuller, with Love and Anarchy , and Giuliano Montaldo, with Sacco and Vanzetti , constitute the main contribution from Italy. The multi Rebel Patagonia , Hector Olivera and Osvaldo Bayer script, and the film Quebracho , Ricardo Wullicher, focus on strikes by workers and immediately following World War Argentine rural workers. The Spanish social revolution of 1936 has been a recurring theme of the post-Franco films, and stand about Libertarian , Vicente Aranda, The Anarchist's Wife , Peter Sehr and Marie Noëlle, especially Land and Freedom by Ken Loach. Area ( Puig Antich) , Manuel Huerga, focuses on resistance to the Franco regime. Battle in Seattle , Stuart Townsend (2008), tells the events of the demonstration against the World Trade Organization in 1999.